Netherlands reference pricing

The Netherlands 276 (1996) 22% of prescriptions 12% of value Reference pricing and price equalisation (comparative scheme with prices from Belgium, France, Germany, UK) 20%... 

Within the pharmaceutical held, some countries, such as Australia and Canada, evaluate every new drug individually. In the Netherlands, the decision whether or not to evaluate a given drug depends on whether the manufacturer wants a premium price, over and above drugs in the same reference group or cluster. ... 

Figures 5 and 6 present trends in dark/spark spreads and C02 costs per MWh over the years 2004—2005 in Germany and The Netherlands, based on forward (i.e. year-ahead) prices for power, fuels and C02 emission allowances. For the present analysis, a dark spread is simply defined as the difference between the power price and the cost of coal to generate 1 MWh of electricity, while a spark spread refers to the difference between the power price and the cost of gas to produce 1 MWh of electricity. If the costs of C02 are included, these indicators are called clean dark/spark spreads or carbon compensated dark/spark spreads/6...

The most actively traded government securities for various maturities are called benchmark issues. Yields on these issues serve as reference interest rates which are used extensively for pricing other securities. Exhibit 1.2 is a Bloomberg screen of the benchmark bonds issued by the government of the Netherlands. European government bonds will be discussed in Chapter 5. As an illustration of a corporate bond. Exhibit 1.3 shows a Bloomberg Security Description screen for 4.875% coupon bond issued by Pirelli SPA that matures on 21 October 2008. 

Where the services referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article are supplied by appropriate authorities of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, or where the prices thereof are under their control, the OPCW shall be supplied at tariffs which shall not exceed the lowest rates accorded to essential agencies and organs of the Government. 

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