Nervous necrosis virus

CHEN Y M, SHIH C H, LIU H C, WU C L, UN C C, WANG H C, CHEN T Y, YANG H L and UN J H Y (2011) An oral nervous necrosis virus vaccine using Vibrio anguillarum as an expression host provides early protectaon. Aquaculture, 321,26-33. 

KAi Y H, su H M, TAi K T and cm s c (2010) Vaccination of grouper broodfish Epi-nephelus tukula) reduces the risk of vertical transmission by nervous necrosis virus. Vaccine, 28, 996-1001. 

WANG YD, KUNG cw, CHEN JY. Antiviral activity by fish antimicrobial peptides of epinecidin-1 and hepcidin 1-5 against nervous necrosis virus in medaka. Peptides 2010 Jun 31(6) 1026-33. 

WANG YD, KUNG cw, CHI SC, CHEN JY. Inactivation of nervous necrosis virus infecting grouper (Epinephelus coioides) by epinecidin-1 and hepcidin 1-5 antimicrobial peptides, and downregulation of Mx2 and Mx3 gene expressions. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2010 Jan 28(l) 113-20. 

Although tuna are considered very robust in grow-out and have very few reported disease issues, some diseases and parasite issues have been reported in larviculture. Viruses including viral nervous necrosis (VNN) and iridovirus have been reported in bluefin tuna and incoming hatchery water is often sterilised with UV or ozone to prevent the transmission of such diseases (Munday et aL, 2003 Sawada et al, 2005 Nishioka et a/., 2010). 

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