NER

Meot-Ner M 1984 Ionic hydrogen bond and ion solvation 2. Solvation of onium ions by 1-7 water molecules. Relations between monomolecular, specific and bulk hydration J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106 1265-72... 

Acknowledgements. We thank Dr. B. Schmidt, E. Predj, Prof. M. A. Rat-ner, and Dr. A. Marks for helpful discussions and suggestions. The research described here was supported by the Chemistry Division of the NSF (grant CHE-9503258 to R.B.G.) and by the Granting Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (grant A4040706 to P.J.). 

Saitta A M, P D Sooper, E Wasserman and M L Klein 1999. Influence of a Knot on the Strength of Pol5 ner Strand. Nature 399 46-48. 

Nitro groups are efficiently reduced with hydrogen over Raney nickel catalyst (I. Fel-ner, 1967), with hydrides, or with metals. 

Tail to tail linkages of isoprene units sometimes occur especially m the higher terpenes The C(12)—C(13) bond of squalene unites two C15 units m a tail to tail man ner Notice however that isoprene units are joined head to tail within each C15 unit of squalene... 

The notation of the Bessel functions is that of Jahnke and Emde Tables of Functions with Formulas and Cuiv/cs, Dover, 1945 Teub-ner, 1960). 

Neopentyl (2,2-dimethylpropyl) systems are resistant to nucleo diilic substitution reactions. They are primary and do not form caibocation intermediates, but the /-butyl substituent efiTectively hinders back-side attack. The rate of reaction of neopent>i bromide with iodide ion is 470 times slower than that of n-butyl bromide. Usually, tiie ner rentyl system reacts with rearrangement to the /-pentyl system, aldiough use of good nucleophiles in polar aprotic solvents permits direct displacement to occur. Entry 2 shows that such a reaction with azide ion as the nucleophile proceeds with complete inversion of configuration. The primary beiuyl system in entry 3 exhibits high, but not complete, inversiotL This is attributed to racemization of the reactant by ionization and internal return. 

Here, the objective is to minimize operating cost followed by trading off with fixed cost as discussed in Ou ner IWo. If needed, one can diteclly minimize total annualized cost by adding a fixed-cost term to the objective function. This fixed-cost term is ex(nessed in terms of as described in Chapter TWo. 

In the preceding chapter you learned that nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group is one of the fundamental reaction types of organic chemistry. In addition to its own reactivity, a car bonyl group can affect the chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones in other ways. Aldehydes and ketones having at least one hydrogen on a carbon next to the carbonyl are in equilibrium with their enol isor ners. 

Diazenes of the type REN=C(R )N=NC(R )=NER have a rich structural chemistry. The selenium derivatives 15.11a,b display a cis,trans,cis conformation with two short l,5-Se N contacts (2.65 A). Several sulfur analogues, e.g., 15.1c, have the same structure, but a different cis,trans,cis conformer 15.12 with two 1,4-S N contacts (2.83 A) has also been characterized. A third type of diazene is the trans,trans,trans isomer 15.13a,b with no intramolecular short contacts. ... 

Leyd(e)ner Blau. Leyden blue, cobalt blue. Leyd(e)ner Flasche. Leyden jar. 

Sieb, n. sieve screen, riddle, bolter, stra ner (for rays) filter mesh, -analyse, /. screen analysis. 

Tag-bau, m. open working, -blatt, n. daily paper, -buch, n. diary, joiirnal. tagelang, adv. the day long, for days. Tage-lohn, m. daily wages, day s wages, -loh-ner, m. day laborer, tagen, D.t. dawn (of assemblies) sit. 

Institut Fran ais du Petrole (C. Bron-ner, A. Forestiere, F. Hugues)... 

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