Nemst filaments

Mid- and near-infrared Nemst filament globar NaCl or KBr Grating interferometer Golay cell thermocouple bolometer pyroelectric photoconductive semiconductor... 

Evacuation is not necessary in this region and sources are much less of a problem than they are in the far-infrared. A heated black body emits strongly in the near- and mid-infrared and a Nemst filament, consisting of a mixture of rare earth oxides, or a silicon carbide Globar, emulate a black body quite well. 

A detector must have adequate sensitivity to the radiation arriving from the sample and monochromator over the entire spectral region required. In addition, the source must be sufficiently intense over the wavenumber range and transmittance range. Sources of infrared emission have included the Globar, which is constructed of silicon carbide. There is also the Nemst filament, which is a mixture of the oxides of zirconium, yttrium and erbium. A Nemst filament only conducts electricity at elevated temperatures. Most detectors have consisted of thermocouples of varying characteristics. 

The SOFC was derived from the Nemst glower, originally intended as a commercial light source to replace caibon filament lamps at the end of the last centniy. This device made nse of the Nemst mass composed of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a predominantly ionic... 

Nemst [1,2] studied the behavior of solid ionic conductors— high temperamre ceramics—for use as filaments in light bulbs. Nernst made a breakthrough discovery based on the observation of different types of conductivity in stabilized zirconia, or zirconium oxide doped by a few mole per cent of calcia, magnesia, yttria, etc. At that time, the use of other materials for this purpose was problematic due to their unfavorable resistance characteristics—a rise in temperature caused an increase in resistance, and thus the metal wires were not able to obtain a... 

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