Natural gas networks

Therefore, by taking advantage of the natural gas network, onsite production of hydrogen by steam methane reforming is the likely route to achieve cost-effectiveness.13... 

Forecourt reforming Hydrogen produced locally from natural gas is the dominant road transport fuel. The existing natural gas network provides the delivery infrastructure, and hydrogen is generated on-site by steam methane reforming at the refuelling station. 

Natural gas networks have been installed and maintained in complex piping systems commonly located in highly populated areas to transport and distribute gas. Due to these circumstances, aeeidents eaused hy the loss of containment of natural gas tend to involve substantial eeonomie losses and a eonsiderable number of victims among the population. 

Keywords hydrate, unsteady simulation, natural gas network, Tehran city... 

Hydrate formation prediction in Tehran city natural gas network... 

The details of the north super block of Tehran natural gas network are imported in the software and the model of the network is constructed. Fig. 4 shows the complicated model constructed in the soflware for the north super block of Tehran gas network. To construct the network in the software the pipe, block valve, supply and deUvery tools are used. However, the gas equation, state equation, pipe roughness and pipe efficiency are determined after model calibration (section 5). 

To calibrate the developed model of Tehran natural gas network, the results of a field experiment performed at a pipe of north super block are used. Here a brief description of the field experiment is presented. 

The parameters used to obtain the results shown in Fig. 4 are hsted in Table 4. These values are used to calibrate the model of north super block of Tehran natural gas network developed in the soflware. 

Stationary combined heat and power (CHP) devices are often considered the primary application of high-temperature PBI-based fuel cells. These devices are used to provide both electricity and heat (in the form of hot air or water) to small-scale residential homes or large-scale industrial plants using hydrogen derived from the widely distributed natural gas network. PBI MEAs are ideally situated for combined heat and power devices because they efficiently provide electricity while generating heat as a by-product. Furthermore, these devices could be used to provide reliable backup power to residential homes, hospitals, servers, etc. 

Li, T., Eremia, M., Shahidehpour, M. Interdependency of natural gas network and power system security. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 23(4), 1817-1824 (2008)... 

Munoz, J., Jimenez-Redondo, N., Perez-Ruiz, J., Barquin, J. Natural gas network modeling for power systems reliability studies. In Power Tech Conf. Proc., IEEE Bologna, vol. 4, p. 8 (2003)... 

Carvalho R., Buzna L., Bono F. et al., 2014. Resilience of Natural Gas Networks during Conflicts, Crises and Disruptions. PLoS ONE 9(3) e90265. 

Recovery of Hydrogen fiom the Natural Gas Network Recovery=10-90%... 

---