National Library of Medicine history

FIGURE 1.2. Surgeon General William A. Hammond s ambitious reforms of a tradition-bound U.S. Army Medical Department earned the talented administrator a court-martial. Exonerated of all charges years later, Hammond nevertheless rose to prominence in medical circles and was the founder of the American Neurological Association. From Harper s Weekly, 1863. Illustration courtesy of the National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division. 

FIGURE 3.3. The central role of women In the U.S. Sanitary Commission is depioted in this photo of a U.S.S.C. depot near Brandy Station, Virginia. Image oourtesy of the National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division. 

FIGURE 3.4. Kate Gumming was born in Scotland but moved at an early age to Mobile, Alabama. Although few Southern women wrote accounts of their wartime servioe, Kate Cumming s Journal of Hospital Life in the Confederate Army of Tennessee 866) is a notable exoeption. Gumming served in hospitals in Mississippi, Tennessee, and Georgia. Image courtesy of the National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division. 

FIGURE 5.1. The Autenrieth wagon (left) was Introduced late In the war and served as an effective portable apothecary. The hospital tent and wagon (right) shows a hospital steward and his assistant at work. Illustrations courtesy of the National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division. 

FIGURE 7.2. Quinine call was a familiar camp routine for the boys in blue, as shown in this sketch from Harper s l/l/ee/c/yfrom Maroh 15, 1865. Illustration oourtesy of the National Library of Medicine, History of Medioine Division. 

Dr. Anthony Lanza, chief of the Industrial Hygiene Division in 1917-18 and associate medical director of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company from 1926 to 1947. At Met Life and later, he oversaw research on the hazards of silica dust, asbestos, and chromium on behalf of manufacturing companies. (Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division.)... 

Royd Sayers in 1932. (Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division.)... 

This publication was supported in part by NIH Grant LM 03300 from the National Library of Medicine. I wish to thank the following for permission to use archival materials Special Collections, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University Alan Mason Chesney Archives, Johns Hopkins University and Division of Archives, State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Part of the research for this paper was carried out while the author was a Visiting Associate Professor at The Johns Hopkins Institute of the History of Medicine. A preliminary, abbreviated version of the paper was delivered at the American Chemical Society meeting in Washington, D.C., on September 12, 1979, at a session of papers in honor of Aaron J. Ihde sponsored by the Division of History of Chemistry. 

Numerous archivists assisted our research, in person or at a distance. They include Dennis Bilger and Randy Sowell of the Truman Presidential Library, Judy Grosberg of the National Cancer Institute Director s Office, Nancy Miller of the University of Pennsylvania Archives, Patrick Shea of the Chemical Heritage Foundation, Brian Shovers of the Montana Historical Society, and Paul Theerman of the National Library of Medicine. Archivists who helped us locate and identify photographs include Barbara Harkins of the NIH History Office, Cindy Lachin of the FDA History Office, Delores Morrow of the Montana Historical Society, Christie Peterson of the Muskie Archives at Bates College, Daniel Whittemore of Sheppard Powell Associates, and Leila Wiles of the Izaak Walton League. We also thank Kate Barry for her help as a research assistant. 

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