National Aniline and Chemical

Maleic anhydride and the two diacid isomers were first prepared in the 1830s (1) but commercial manufacture did not begin until a century later. In 1933 the National Aniline and Chemical Co., Inc., installed a process for maleic anhydride based on benzene oxidation using a vanadium oxide catalyst (2). Maleic acid was available commercially ia 1928 and fumaric acid production began in 1932 by acid-catalyzed isomerization of maleic acid. 

The necessary C10/13 cut for the hydrophobic part of the molecule can be obtained by various methods. Suitable paraffins were obtained in the USA from kerosene (distillation range 200-250°C). The kerosene was extracted above all from Pennsylvania oil. These mainly straight chain paraffins with 12-14 C atoms were chlorinated and their reaction products alkylated with benzene in the presence of a Lewis acid and sulfonated with oleum. The first products in the USA were called Nacconol NR and NRSF (National Aniline and Chemical Co., NACCO ), as well as Santomerse 1 (Monsanto) [4]. 

WESLE MlNNIS National Aniline and Chemical Company Buffalo New York... 

Commercial isatin, m.p. 199.0-200.5° (cor.), was obtained from the National Aniline and Chemical Company. 

Meanwhile, on September 11,1917 (after American entry into the war, but before the APC was established), Matheson and Shaw—the Cassella distributors in America—had folded the U.S. assets of Cassella, except for its patents, goodwill, and contractual relations with the German parent, into the just formed (in May 1917) National Aniline and Chemical Company, which would—with Du Pont— become a leader in the new American-initiated dyestuffs industry. Matheson became president of NACC. In October 1917, Matheson attempted to transfer Cassella s German patents to NACC, but the APC refused to recognize this transfer and took over the patents, which, like all the patents taken over by the APC, became available under license (from the FTC) to American companies. ... 

Ibid., 50-51. Steen, "Confiscated commerce" (ref. 2), 269-270, is wonderful on the Cassella impact on National Aniline and Chemical Company. 

In December 1920 Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation came into being. As a holding company, it acquired a number of different companies, with different product lines. One of its acquisitions was the National Aniline and Chemical Company, with its core staff from the days of Cassella company. Thus, it too would benefit from German expertise. The principal prewar importers of German chemical products— Adolf Kuttroff (Badische)... 

T Prepared by acidifying a solution of commercial sodium flavianate (Naphthol Yellow 8, National Aniline and Chemical Company). 

A paraphrase of Stone in Need Tariff Protection to Build Dye Industry, WDM 2 (September 22, 1915) 3. I. F. Stone worked for the National Aniline and Chemical Company, the long-time sales distributor for Schoellkopf. This National Aniline is not to be confused with the firm of the same name created in 1917. On the role of the textile industry, for example, William Beckers to Charles H. Herty, March 18,... 

The first commercial production unit was built by the National Aniline and Chemical Company, part of the Barrett Company, in 1933. However, most of the maleic anhydride used at that time was supphed from phthalic anhydride plants, which produced about 5-10% as a by-product. Demand for maleic anhydride was still low during the 1940s. At that time two typical catalysts were available. One contained 12% vanadium pentoxide/4% molybdenum trioxide supported on a-alumina, while the other contained 10% vanadium pentoxide moderated with less than 1% of lithimn sulfate/sodium sulfate, also supported on a-alumina. The alkali sulfate moderated catalyst was, however, sensitive to sulfur poisons in the benzene feed. 

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