Nasal epithelium toxicity enhancing

A challenging issue in nasal delivery is related to the safety aspects of excipients, especially absorption enhancers, in the formulation. For most kinds of enhancers, a direct relationship exists between absorptionenhancing ability and local toxic effect. However, the efficacy of some kinds of absorption enhancers may not be necessarily related to their damaging effects on the nasal epithelium. Thus the establishment of a benefit-to-risk ratio for nasal absorption enhancers is of major importance. 

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