Nanostructures alternative membranes

Catalyst layer ink can be deposited on gas diffusion layers to form a CCGDL, as discussed in the previous section. Alternatively, the catalyst ink can be applied directly onto the proton exchange membrane to form a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM). The most obvious advantage of the CCM is better contact between the CL and the membrane, which can improve the ionic connection and produce a nonporous substrate, resulting in less isolated catalysts. The CCM can be classified simply as a conventional CCM or as a nanostructured thin-film CCM. 

Alternative catalyst supports deposited on nanostructured thin films for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 157 (2),... 

Alternatively, more or less rigid enclosures acting as templates can be also used. A typical example in electroanalysis is given by the electroless deposition of noble metal nanostructures in polycarbonate membranes.The template can be... 

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