Nanostructured polymeric nanoreactors

NANOSTRUCTURED POLYMERIC NANOREACTORS FOR METAL NANOPARTICLE FORMATION... 

Bronstein LM, Sidorov SN, Valetsky PM (2004) Nanostructured polymeric systems as nanoreactors for nanoparticle formation. Russ Chem Rev 73(5) 501-515 Buhro WE, Colvin VL (2003) Semiconductor nanocrystals shape matters. Nattne Mater 2... 

Nature is replete with examples of functional nanostructures capable of completing complex tasks. These structures are composed of well-defined linear polymer chains folded into precise, three-dimensional shapes. An obvious yet unmet goal of chemists is to reproduce the functionality of natural systems using synthetic polymers. This warrants a tour de force involving modern controlled polymerization techniques and postpolymerization modification strategies in combination with current theories of polymer physics. Areas such as catalysis,sensing, nanoreactors, and nanomedicine ° stand to benefit from advances in this research. 

This chapter is dedicated to the development of Nanochemistry methods for the Metal/Carbon Nanocomposites Synthesis as well as for the Materials modification by these Nanocomposites. The perspectives of the scientific trend introducing with the organization of modem Nanocomposites production in Nanoindustry are discussed. Nanochemistry methods for the creation of Metal/Carbon Nanocomposites in nanoreactors of polymeric matrixes are considered. The principal characteristics of nanocomposites obtained are given. With the help of IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies it is found that the media respond to the introduction of super small quantities of nanostructures. The results of the modification of inorganic and organic materials with super small quantities of fine dispersed suspensions of Metal/Carbon Nanocomposites are presented. 

The nanostructures formed in nanoreactors of polymeric matrixes can be presented as oscillators with rather high oscillation frequency. It should be pointed out that according to references [1] for nanostructures (fullerenes and nanotubes) the absorption in the range of wave numbers 1300-1450 cm is indicative. These values of wave numbers correspond to the frequencies in the range 3.9-4.35x10 Hz, that is, in the range of ultrasound frequencies. 

Kodolov V. I., Khokhriakov N. V, Trineeva V. V, Blagodatskikh 1.1. Activity of nanostructures and its representation in nanoreactors of polymeric matrixes and active media. Chemical physics and mesoscopy, 2008. V.IO. Issue 4. P. 448-460. 

Because of the association of polymeric phase with metal containing phase the walls of nanoreactor participate in redox process with cover formation for metal containing clusters obtained [3-6], Metal/carbon nanocomposites will be more active than earbon or silicon nanostructures because their masses are bigger at identieal sizes and shapes. Therefore the vibration energy transmitted to the medium is also high. 

The short information about nanostructures formation mechanism in polymeric matrix nanoreactors as well as about the methods of synthesis and control during metal/carbon nanocomposites production represents. The main attention is given for the ability of nanocomposites obtained to form the fine dispersed suspensions in different media and for the distribution of nanoparticles in media. The examples of improving technical characteristics of foam concretes and glue compositions are given. 

Among the many various methods of obtaining metal clusters and carbon/ metal containing nanostructures the synthesis in nanoreactors is considered the most perspective [3, 12], The main advantage of the above synthetic method in comparison with the others is the possibility to predict the result obtained depending on the matrix and nanoreactor selected, as well as the basic metal. However this method has not been sufficiently developed. For its development theoretical and experimental results are required. This paper discusses the ways for the production and investigation of nanoreactors in polymeric matrixes and synthesis of nanostructures with corresponding activity in them. Nanocomposites obtained in nanoreactors can be applied as modifiers of different compositions and materials. 

The formation processes of metal-containing nanostructures in carbon or carbon-polymeric shells in nanoreactors can be related to one t) e of reaction series using the terminology of the theory of linear dependencies of free energies (LFE) [16]. Then it is useful to introduce definite critical values for the volume, surface energy of nanoreactor internal walls, as well as the temperature critical value. When the ration Ig k/k is proportional -AAF/RT, the ratio WAV can be transformed into the following expression ... 

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