Nanoparticles anchoring groups

It is informative to evaluate the trends in the ET rate using simple models of H(e) and p(e) that are likely to be qualitatively correct for many semiconductors. For metal oxides, the conduction-band states are composed primarily of empty orbitals of the metal ions, such as Ti" 3d orbitals in Ti02 and Sn 5s and 5p orbitals in Sn02 (Henrich and Cox, 1996). Many adsorbates used for sensitisation are believed to bind with the metals ions via their anchoring groups such as -PO3H2 and -COOH (Vittadini et al, 2000). It is assumed that electronic interaction of adsorbate with the nanoparticle only involves the metal ions that are in direct contact with the anchoring... 

The main chemical functionalities of the organic molecules are evidenced. Red balls anchoring groups yellow balls functionalities. The case of a nanoparticles is represented... 

Consecutive introduction of a co-adsorbent and then Ag nanoparticles to the DSSC with the P-phe dye allowed increasing performance of the photovoltaic cell by increasing PCE to 4.48 and 5.66 %, respectively (Table 6) [48]. Performance (Table 6) of DSSCs with the PI to P3 dyes with different numbers and positions of anchoring group is discussed in Sect. 3.1.5, below. 

Massin J, Ducasse L, Toupance T et al (2014) Tetrazole as a new anchoring group for the functionalization of Ti02 nanoparticles a joint experimental and theoretical study. J Phys Chem C 118(20) 10677-10685... 

One successful application of a solar cell using metal oxide as an electron acceptor is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). In DSSCs, organic or metal complex dyes are usually chemically adsorbed on the surface of a wide band gap metal oxide semiconductor nanocrystalline electrode by an anchor group(s) (for example the carboxyl group). Nanocrystalline electrodes are made by sintering nanoparticles, so that a large surface area is obtained on the porous... 

---