Nanomaterial-reinforced polymeric

Carbon and inorganic nanomaterial-reinforced polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering... 

Mechanical properties of OD nanomaterial-reinforced polymeric nanocomposites... 

With increasing applications of nanomaterial-reinforced polymeric nanocomposites in biology and in medicine, there are concerns and debate on the toxicity of these nanocomposites. A better understanding of the toxicity and biocompatibility of these nanocomposites can lead to apphcations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 

In this section, we will review the in vitro and in vivo studies performed to assess the toxicity and biocompatibihty of nanomaterial-reinforced polymeric nanocomposites. 

The radiation synthesis of polymeric nanocomposites is one of the promising technologies in the production of polymeric nanomaterials (Taleb et al. 2012). Along with the polymerization of monomers in situ (Liu et al. 2001, Meszaros and Czvikovszky 2007), radiation-induced cross-linking leads to the reinforcement of the available polymeric matrix owing to additional bond formation both between polymer chains of the matrix (Glhsel et al. 2003, Sharif et al. 2007) and between the polymer matrix and filler particles (KrkljeS et al. 2007, Planes et al. 2010). It is a very useful technique to improve the thermal stability, stress crack resistance, solvent resistance, and... 

PMMA/hydroxyapatite bone cement. Both nanostructures were found to capture the radicals produced during the cement polymerization process, thereby hampering their normal course and affecting the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, especially the one-dimensional nanoform [145]. Recently, we have compared both 1D and 2D carbon nanostructures and the effect of functionalization on the thermomechanical properties. As seen in Figure 10.13, the nanofillers containing carboxylic groups provided the best mechanical response at 1 wt% loading. Additionally, the 2D carbon structures provided better reinforcement in the electrospun fibers when compared to the ID carbon nanomaterials [116,158]. 

Abstract This chapter deals with the structure, properties and applications of natural fibres. Extraction methods of Natural Fibres from different sources have been discussed in detail. Natural fibres have the special advantage of high specific strength and sustainability, which make them ideal candidates for reinforcement in various polymeric matrices. Natural fibres find application in various fields like construction, automobile industry and also in soil conservation. It is the main source of cellulose, an eminent representative of nanomaterial. Extractions of cellulose from plant-based fibres are discussed in detail. Various mediods used for characterization of cellulose nanofibres and advantages of these nanofibres have also been dealt with. 

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