Nanoimprinting with soft stamps

Micro- or nanoprinting (as known as soft lithography) nses a stamp with surface patterns to transfer a liqnid ink onto a surface [7], The feature resolution obtained from these printing techniqnes is poorer than that of nanoimprint, because the controls on ink flow and amonnt are difficult [6]. Improved nanoprinting technique uses solid material (solid ink) that is deposited on the stamp and the solid material pattern is separated from the stamp after bonding to the substrate [8], Dip-pen nanoUthography is another alternative to print nanomaterials. In this technique, an AFM tip is used as the pen to directly write molecules ( ink ) on a substtate, where the molecules spontaneously transfer from the pen to the substrate by water meniscus [9]. 

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