Nanographenes

Malig, J., et al., Direct exfoliation of graphite with a porphyrin - creating functionalizable nanographene hybrids. Chemical Communications, 2012. 48(70) p. 8745-8747. 

As aforementioned, the introduction of carbon nanomaterials is an effective strategy to take on some of the contemporary challenges in the field of DSSCs. In particular, enhanced charge injection and charge transport processes in carbon nanomaterial-doped electrodes, efficient carbon nanomaterial-based, iodine-free, quasi-solid state electrolytes, and the use of novel nanographene hybrids as dyes are some of the most stunning milestones. All of these milestones are considered as solid proof for the excellent prospect of carbon nanomaterials in DSSCs. The major goal of this chapter is to... 

In another work, the same authors demonstrated the versatility of graphene as donor material when preparing a similar nanographene hybrid with porphycenes, a well-known electron acceptor [120], The preparation was followed along the same lines that were established for the porphyrins. By using Raman, TEM, and AFM, the nature of the graphene moiety was clearly demonstrated. Contrary to the electron ac-... 

Fig. 18.8 Upper part - chemical structures of a porphyrin derivative used to prepare graphene hybrids. Lower part - SEM images (left) at high (a) and low(b) magnification and photograph (right) of Ti02 electrodes soaked with nanographene hybrid for 120 hours.

Fig. 18.9 Left part - device performance as a function of soaking time for Ti02-based devices using nanographene/porphyrin hybrids (closed) and porphyrin dyes (open). Right part - device performance as a function of soaking time for ZnO-based devices using nanographene/porphycene hybrids (closed) and porphycenes (open).

Fig. 18.10 Structures of ZnPc and ZnPc-oPPV used to prepare nanographene hybrids.

Preparation of photoelectrodes by preparing nanographene-based building blocks via electrostatic interactions... 

In a corresponding investigation, the application of a new nanographene hybrid that consists of negatively-charged GO and a positively-charged porphycene... 

Enoki T, Kobayashi Y, Eukui K (2007) Electronic structures of graphene edges and nanographene. Int Rev Phys Chem 26 609-645... 

Electronic Structures of Nanographene with Its Edges Chemically Modified... 

As explained above, the electronic structure of nanographite or nanographene should also be clarified when we discuss the electronic properties of graphitic materials comprehensively. 

FIGURE 6.22 The spatial distribution of the populations of the HOMO level for nanographene sheets with their edges having (a) armchair and (b) zigzag structures. (From Stein, S.E. and Brown, R.L., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109, 3721, 1987. With permission.)... 

Partially hydrogenated nanographene is situated in its properties between the bare nanographene and completely hydrogenated nanographene sheets. The V3 x yf3 superstructure is deformed due to finite size effect with the aid of the low structural symmetry. Here, what interests us is the presence of dimerized (l.i2) or trimerized Li (Li3) species created in partially hydrogenated nanographene... 

The theoretical works shown above on the electronic structures of Li-doped nanographene sheets give an important clue to explain the electronic features of Li ion batteries. 

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