Nanoelectrodes, scanning electrochemical microscopy

Nanoelectrodes in SECM — For the improvement of the lateral resolution in - scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) the size of the - ultramicro electrode... 

Hussien EM, Schuhmarm W, Schulte A (2010) Shearforce-based constant-distance scanning electrochemical microscopy as fabrication tool for needle-type carbon-fiber nanoelectrodes. Anal Chem 82(13) 5900-5905... 

Kranz C (2014) Recent advancements in nanoelectrodes and nanopipettes used in combined scanning electrochemical microscopy techniques. Analyst 139 336-352... 

Yamada, H., D. Haraguchi, and K. Yasunaga, Fabrication and characterization of a K+-selective nanoelectrode and simultaneous imaging of topography and local K+ flux using scanning electrochemical microscopy, Anal. Chem., Vol. 86, 2014 pp. 8547-8552. 

Other applications snch as the measuranent of local concentrations in environmental analy-sis44,45 using potentiometric probes as detectors in various types of scanning electrochemical microscopies inclnding probes with dnal functionality are emerging, but are stiU largely limited to micrometer-size electrodes due to inherent difficulties of using nanoelectrodes. 

B.B. Katemann, A. Schulte, W. Schuhmann. Constant-distance mode scanning electrochemical microscopy. Part II High-resolution SECM imaging employing Pt nanoelectrodes as miniaturized scanning probes. Electroanalysis 16 60 (2004). 

Etienne, M., Anderson, E. C., Evans, S. R., Schuhmann, W., Eritsch, 1., Eeedback-independent Pt nanoelectrodes for shear force-based constant-distance mode scanning electrochemical microscopy. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 7317-7324. 

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