Nanocellulose chemical structures

Due to the amorphous structure, ANP acquires such specific features as increased content of functional groups, high accessibility, and sorption ability (loelovich, 2013a, 2014a). Freeze-dried amorphous nanocellulose has an enhanced wetting enthalpy (—125 to — 130J/g), absorbs up to 35—40% water vapor, and completely decomposes under action of cellulolytic enzymes. Moreover, the chemical modification of ANP is carried out faster and deeper than other kinds of nanocellulose. 

Fig. 4 Structure and properties of nanocellulose, (a) Hierarchical assembly of cellulose molecules into cellulosic fibers. Adapted, with permission, from [131]. Copyright 2012 Elsevier, (b) Proposed mechanism of formation of CNF cross-linked with metal cations. Reproduced, with permission, from [132]. Copyright 2013 American Chtanical Society, (c) Effect of the type of metal cation on the frequency-dependent storage modulus of CNF hydrogels, probed by dynamic frequency sweeps (25 °C) at a strain rate of 0.5 %. Adapted, with permission, from [132]. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society, (d) Polarization optical microscopy photograph of a biphasic 8.78 % (w/w) CNC suspension. Adapted, with permission, from [133]. Copyright 1996 American Chemical Society, (e) Polarization optical microscopy photograph of a CNC suspension. Scale bar. 200 pm. Reproduced, with permission, from [134]. Copyright 2000 Amaiean Chemical Society...

Lee, H., Hamid, S., Zain, S. Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to nanocellulose structure and chemical process. The Scientific World Journal 2014, doi 10.1155/2014/631013. 

Jiang F, Hsieh Y (2013) Chemically and mechanically isolated nanocellulose and their self-assembled structures. Carbohd Polym 95 32-40... 

---