N OLEDs

Energy levels and layer structures of the red p-i-n OLEDs with various materials in the HBL and electrically doped transport layers. Indicator layer (ITL) was used as optional interlayer, which served only as sensor for exciton distribution. (From Meerheim, R. et al., /. Appl. Phys., 104,0145510,2008. With permission.)... 

Device structure of D-EML p-i-n OLED and the proposed energy level diagram. Anode and cathode are ITO and Al. (From Fie, G. et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 85,3911,2004. With permission.)... 

He, G., Walzer, K., Pfeiffer, M. et al. 2004. Ultra high efficiency electrophosphorescent p-i-n OLEDs with double emission layers. Proc. SPIE 5519 42. 

In the determination of n for the stripping section, yA,in,s is the vapor mole frac leaving the reboiler. This is illustrated in Figure 16-1 for a partial reboiler. Mole frac yA,out,s is n ole frac leaving the stripping section. This mole frac can be estimated at the intersection of the operating lines. This is shown in Figure 16-2A. Note that this estimate makes yA,out,s yA,in,E-... 

Pete Rickard Inc. CobleskiU, N.Y. Ole Time Woodsman Kampers lotion 50... 

Year 2-Ethyl hexanoates Stearates N aphthenates TaUates Ole ate s Total s... 

An additional limit to the size of a passive array relates to the current which flows in an OLED when it is under reverse bias [189]. When a given pixel is turned on in the array, there are many possible parallel paths for the current, each involving two diodes in reverse bias and one forward. Hence, as the number of rows and columns increases, there is a higher level of background emission from non-selected pixels that limits the contrast ratio of the array. As a result, the contrast degrades as N increases. 

Figure 13-18. Diagram of a simple pixel circuit for active matrix addressing of an OLED array. For a color display of N lows and M columns, this circuit must be reproduced Ny.My.7t limes.

Dementsprechend konnen Lactone gegebenenfalls selektiv zu L act ole n reduziert wer-den (s.S. 22Iff.). 

Venegas, A., Goldstein, J.C., Beauregard, K, Oles, A., Abdulhayoglu, N. and Fuhrman, J.A. (1996) Expression of recombinant microfilarial chitinase and analysis of domain function. Molecular and, Biochemical Parasitology 78, 149-159. 

---