1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium

The typical in situ reduction of the precursor [lr(COD)Cl]2 by molecular hydrogen under the same reaction conditions have been also performed in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMl-CFsSOs) and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMl-BF [25]. The iridium nanoparticles prepared in BMTCF3SO3 and BM1-BF4 ILs, as previously observed with BM1-PF6, display irregular shapes with a monomodal size distribution (Figure 15.4). Mean diameters in the range of 2-3 nm were estimated with in situ TEM and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses of the lr(0) nanoparticles soluble in the ionic hquids, and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the isolated material. The mean diameters of iridium nanoparticles synthesized in the three ILs, as estimated by TEM, SAXS and XRD, are summarized in Table 15.1. 

J. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2-Arylacrylic Acids Catalyzed by Immobilized Ru-BINAP Complex in 1 -n-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Molten Salt, Tetrahed. Asymm. 1977, 8, 177-179. 

Oxidation of 1-hexene by molecular oxygen has been conducted in 1-n-butyl-3- methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate bmim I L. SC CO2, SC CO2/[bmim]PF6 mixed solvent, and in the absence of solvent. The selectivity to the desired product 2-hexanone is much higher when the reaction is carried out in the mixed solvent, and the catalysts is more stable in SC CO2/[bmim]PF6 mixed solvent than in SC CO2. 

Chi and his group reported the synthesis of symmetrical organic carbonates via alkylation of metal carbonates with various alkyl halides and sulfonate in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmImjPFg. Besides providing... 

The oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds is a fundamental reaction that has synthetic and chemical importance. Using chromium-based catalysts, researchers have developed several catalysts that have impacted alcohol oxidation reactions. Recently, homogeneous catalysts have had problems with catalyst/product separation and suffer from poor catalyst recyclability. Therefore, the quest for a resolution to this problem has led researchers to scaffold salen complexes onto a silica-based material such as MCM-41. Zhou et al. used an ion-exchangeable, layered polysiloxane support to immobili.se their sulfonato-(salen)Cr(m) complex. They reacted benzyl alcohol, cyclo-hexanol and -hexanol with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant in an ionic liquid at 40 °C. Several ionic liquids were investigated [BMImX (BMIm = 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium X =PF6, BF4, NOs")] and compared for each substrate. 

BMIm] BF4 = 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraborate NH4 HCO2 = ammonium formate... 

Shah, J.K. and Maginn, E. J., Monte Carlo simulations of gas solubility in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, J. Phys. Chem. B 109,10395-10405 (2005). 

Friedel-Crafts reaction of pyrrole can be achieved without Lewis acid/base catalysts when the reaction is performed using ionic liquids as cosolvent. Regioselective alkylation of pyrrole with simple alkyl halides and mesylates using [bmimJlSbFg] (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoroantimonate) as cosolvent proceeds to deliver the monoalkylated pyrrole as the major product when excess pyrrole (10 equiv) is used (eq 8). 

Liao etal applied microwave irradiation for ROP ofTMC carried out in the presence of IL (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmim]BF4) using Sn(Oct)2 as a catalyst. In the presence of 5wt.% of [bmim] BF4, PTMC with a molecular weight = 36 400 was obtained... 

The most used ionic liquids in the hydroformylation are those based on the 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, in particular, associated with hexafluorophosphate anion (BMI PF, see Table 6.1). However, the activity and selectivity in the hydro-formylation of 1-hexene catalyzed by rhodium-TPPTS complexes in BMI BF4 were much higher than those reported in other ionic liquids. Under optimum conditions, the TOF of 1 -hexene and selectivity for aldehyde were 1508 h and 92%, respectively. The high activity of the catalyst was ascribed to the much higher solubility of hydrogen [27] and rhodium-TPPTS complexes in BMI BF4 than in BMI PF ]28]. Other ionic liquids have also been used, such as those containing polyether chains attached to ammonium salts 2 (entries 7 and 8, Table 6.1) ]14], phosphonium salts (entry 3, Table 6.1) [11], tris[oxoethyl(trimethyl)ammonium]triazine derivatives... 

EMIM = 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium CF3SO3 = triflate anion BMIM = 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ° Oc = octyl Ts = H3CC6H4SO2 (tosyl)... 

Suarez PAZ, Consorti CS, de Souza RF, Dupont J, Gonsalves RS (2002) Electrochemical behavior of vitreous glass carbon and platinum electrodes in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate. J Braz Chem Soc 13(1) 106-109... 

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