Mutual adaptation

Last but certainly not least, the Editor wishes to thank all authors for their excellent collaboration and for the considerable pains taken to complete their respective articles under the multiple constraints of common schedule, limited space, and mutual adaptation. The publishing house must be mentioned for the careful and efficient production of this volume. 

An attempt to separate the electronic and steric effects relies on the stereodifferentiation notion (Spijker and van Boeckel 1991). To simplify this discussion, we will speak about the steric effect as an interaction between solids. Let us assume that two chiral entities RXYZ and R X Y Z approach each other to create a transition state as in Fig. 10.1. We imagine an ideal case whereby mutual adaptation is perfect each bump in RXYZ corresponds to a hole in... 

Polyamino acids can be considered as models for conformational studies, providing an atomistic description of the secondary structural motifs typically found in proteins [30-39]. Two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded layers and columns in the structures of crystalline amino acids can mimic S-sheets and helices in proteins and amyloids [40 5], and can be compared with two-dimensional crystalline layers at interfaces [46-58]. Nano-porous structures of small peptides can mimic cavities in proteins [24, 59-63]. One can also prepare crystals in which selected functional groups and side chains are located with respect to each other in the same way, as at recognition sites of substrate-receptor complexes, and use the systems to simulate the mutual adaptation of components of the complex responsible for recognition. 

Surprisingly, the optimized clusters NieAu32 and Nii3Au42 showed almost perfect truncated cuboctahedral and cuboctahedral shapes [182], respectively, although the metal bulk atomic radii of Ni (249 pm) and Au (288 pm) are quite different. For a single cluster, a structural isomer of similar stability was found. This finding resulted from a mutual adaption of bond lengths of both metals. In... 

When the host molecule has a number of functionalities, or functional groups, permitting a variety of types of host-host or host-guest interaction, then one may anticipate that instead f a-family of compounds individual structures will be formed, based on mutual adaptation of the bonding and steric requirements of host and guest. A range of intermediate situations is to be expected between these two extremes. 

In the Heilbron inclusion compounds the possibilities of hydrogen bonding by the host molecule [DHDK (5)] are such as to permit a rather varied mutual adaptation of the steric requirements of host and guest and thus a variety of different types of inelusion compounds are found rather than a single family or a group of families, as happens when TMA and TTP are the hosts. 

The structure of neat DHDK is not known (single crystals have not yet been obtained). Thus, the relation between polymorphism and formation of inclusion compounds is moot. However, they can be classified into a small family (with CHCI3, CjHjOH and, perhaps, acetic add as guests) and then into a number of individual and different structures marked by mutual adaptation of host and guest. 

The common feature in both inductive and capacitive influences is that energies-per-entity are expressed in function of entity numbers. It should not be deduced that this means causality or irreversibility. Influence is a reversible phenomenon, based on a mutual adaptation of variables, without dedicated emitters and receivers, at least at the global level, without space-time consideration. When space-time plays a role, this adaptation may require propagation of a signal, but this is a subject that requires a better understanding of space-time. 

This mutual adaptation is a further indication how perfectly feedforward and feedback complement one another. Feedforward is fast, intelligent , and responsive, but also inaccurate feedback is slow but accurate, and is capable of regulation in the face of unknown load conditions. 

In the case when k = 1.07 and 6 = 0.02 it is observed that the mean value of the distribution in Fig. 2.5 is shifted further towards the boundary x = + 1 than in Fig. 2.4, although the same preference parameter <5 = 0.02 has been used. This means that the opinion alignment effect shifts the mean value of the socioconfiguration further into the prevailing direction than without mutual adaptation. 

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