Murray, Joseph

Joseph Murray performed the first successful organ transplant in 1954, a kidney transplant between identical twins.1 This was a success in large part because no immunosuppression was necessary since the donor and recipient were genetically identical. Murray s success led to attempts with other organs over the next 20 years (Table 52-1). 

F. B. Mallory D. G. Martin J. Meinwald Joseph I. Murray Robert M. Nowak... 

Joseph A. Becker, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey... 

J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus, and Joseph E. Murray Physiology/Medicine Origin of retroviral oncogenes... 

Hills, James Watt. Volume 1, pp. 72-3 J. P. Muirhead, The Life of James Watt with Selections from his Correspondence (London John Murray, 1858), pp. 60-73 E. Robinson and D. McKie (eds), Partners in Science. Letters of James Watt and Joseph Black (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press, 1970). 

Joseph Murray in Boston performed the first successful transplant in 1954 when he performed a donor transplant from one twin to the other. In 1959 Dameshek and Schwartz used 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in place of irradiation to precondition patients for bone marrow transplantation. Caine developed this work with the introduction of a safer derivative of 6-MP called azathioprine (AZA). By 1963, maintenance AZA and corticosteroids became the standard regimen for kidney transplantation. Kidney transplant or graft survival with these treatment protocols was approximately 40% at 12 months. In the late 1970s to early 1980s cyclosporin A (Cy A) was introduced and has been the mainstay immunosuppressive regimen in combination with AZA and corticosteroids. Cy A-based protocols led to fewer episodes of acute rejection and improved graft survival at 12... 

LYNN W. JELINSKI, JOSEPH J. DUMAIS, F. C. SCHILLING, and F. A. BOVEY Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974... 

In 1954, American physician Joseph Murray performed the first successful human kidney transplant from one identical twin to the other in Boston. In 1962, he performed the first kidney transplant in unrelated persons. In 1967, surgeon Christiaan Barnard performed the first successful human heart transplant in Cape Town, South Africa. The patient, a fifty-four-year-old man, lived another eighteen days. 

The 1990 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Joseph E. Murray, the surgeon who performed the first-ever kidney transplant between identical twins, which demonstrated that previous failures were due to immunologic incompatibilities rather than surgical methods. The average kidney is about 4.5 inches long and weighs between four and six ounces. 

First successful kidney transplant (Joseph Edward Murray) American surgeon Murray performs the first successful kidney transplant, inserting one of Ronald Herrick s kidneys into his twin brother, Richard. Murray shares the 1990 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with E. Donnall Thomas, who developed bone marrow transplantation. 

Nakamura, K., Murray, R.J., Joseph, J.I., Peppas, N.A., Morishita, M., Lowman, A.M. Oral insulin detivery using P(MAA-g-EG)hydrogels effects of network morphology on insulin delivery characteristics. J. Controlled Release 95, 589-599 (2004)... 

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