Multiple covalent bonds sigma bond

Recall from Section 9.1 that multiple covalent bonds consist of one sigma bond and one or more pi bonds. Only the two electrons in the sigma bond occupy hybrid orbitals such as sp and sp. The remaining unhybridized p... 

The pi bond A multiple covalent bond consists of one sigma bond and at least one pi bond. A pi bond, represented by the Greek letter pi (tv), forms when parallel orbitals overlap and share electrons. The shared electron pair of a pi bond occupies the space above and below the line that represents where the two atoms are joined together. 

It is important to note that molecules having multiple covalent bonds contain both sigma and pi bonds. A double covalent bond, as shown in Figure 8.9, consists of one pi bond and one sigma bond. A triple covalent bond consists of two pi bonds and one sigma bond. 

Multiple Covalent Bonds— End-to-end overlap of orbitals produces a (sigma) bonds. Side-to-side overlap of two p orbitals produces a tt (pi) bond. Single covalent bonds are double bond consists of one o- bond and one 77 bond (Fig. 11-15). A triple bond consists of one a-bond and two v bonds (Fig. 11-17). The geometric shape of a species determines the o--bond framework, and tt bonds are added as required to complete the bonding description. 

Orbitals overlap directly in sigma bonds. Parallel orbitals overlap in pi bonds. A single covalent bond is a sigma bond but multiple covalent bonds are made of both sigma and pi bonds. 

The carbon atoms of many of the molecules that we have considered so far have used their four valence electrons to form four single covalent (sigma) bonds to four other atoms. We find, however, that many important organic compounds exist in which carbon atoms share more than two electrons with another atom. In molecules of these compounds some bonds that are formed are multiple covalent bonds. When two carbon atoms share two pairs of electrons, for example, the result is a carbon—carbon double bond ... 

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