Multiphenomena in gas diffusion layer

Generally, the BTE with single relaxation time approximation can be written as Equation (15). In order to simulate flow in the porous media, we consider the drag effect of the medium and present the LBM equation by the following form of the statistical average  

The macroscopic equations for fluid flowing in porous media may be recovered by Taylor expansion and Chapman-Enskog expansion, which become 

We see that above equations recover Equations (25) and (26) for p = constant. Note that as p = 1, Equation (26) or (33) is reduced to the standard LBKE for the fluid flows in the absence of porous media. 

Xu et al. (2006b) have successfully introduced Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation in order to solve the performance of molten carbonate fuel cell. As a verification of REV method, Poiseuille flow profiles in the porous media modifying LBM with 

LBKE can be further modified to capture the multicomponent/multiphase phenomena in GDL as well as GC. This modification also allows modeling the hydrophilic effect such as the bubble transport phenomenon. Lu and Wang visualized the bubble phenomenon in situ using the 

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