Multicomponent mixed conducting

What is clearly needed is a working model for multicomponent, mixed-conducting electrolytes, one which would be applicable to closed as well as open circuit conditons and yet would be relatively... 

Figure 6. Direct current (dc) analog for a multicomponent mixed conducting...

I only hope that more progress can be realized, especially in solving the central probl in e ll this vdiich was mentioned above, namely, that of evetluating the individual ionic conductances and chemical potential profile in an operating cell. And of course I hope I CM be a partial contributer to such future progress. Or better yet, that somebody in the audience will be led to conten late the issues I have discussed here and perhaps find a better way to analyze mixed conduction in multicomponent electrolytes. 

Some transition metal complexes are excellent conductors. Thin films of cyto-chrome-C3, which contains four heme moieties coordinated by protein, exhibited a high conductivity with mixed valence state (Fe /Fe ) and showed an increase in conductivity as the temperature was decreased (2 x 10 S cm at 268 K) [68-70]. The temperature dependence of conductivity in the highly conductive region is the opposite of that of semiconductors and may preclude the ionic conduction as a dominant contribution. However, since the high conductivity is realized in the presence of hydrogenase and hydrogen, the system is not strictly a single but rather a multicomponent molecular solid. 

Several models have been proposed to estimate the thermal conductivity of hydrate/gas/water or hydrate/gas/water/sediment systems. The most common are the classical mixing law models, which assume that the effective properties of multicomponent systems can be determined as the average value of the properties of the components and their saturation (volumetric fraction) of the bulk sample composition. The parallel (arithmetic), series (harmonic), or random (geometric) mixing law models (Beck and Mesiner, 1960) that can be used to calculate the composite thermal conductivity (kg) of a sample are given in Equations 2.1 through 2.3. 

For oxide electrocrystallization, the last condition is the most strenuous, sine many oxides are insulating non-stoichiometric compounds, however, are sufficient conductive. When two (or more) substances are codeposited, certain specific feature of the crystallization can be expressed for both cathodic and anodic processes on th basis of the thermodynamics of binary (or more complex) systems. If stabl multicomponent phases exist, then it is their deposition (not the deposition of mixture of simpler products) that preferentially proceeds in a certain potential regioi In such cases, intermetallic compounds are deposited in cathodic processes, and th deposition of mixed oxides takes place in anodic processes. These products ca represent both chemical compounds and solid solutions. 

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