Multi-step creep

Construction of defect-diminished crystalline monolayer by multi-step creep method. 

Fio. 23. Area-creep behaviors and bright field images of stearic acid crystalline monolayer prepared by multi-step creep method and continuous compression method. 

Benzene solutions of lignoceric (CH3(CH2)->2COOH) and stearic (CH3(CH2)i6COOH) acids with concentrations of 1 X 10 3 and 3 x 10-3 mol-L1, respectively, were spread on the pure water surface atTsp of 293 K. Since Tsp is below Tm of the lignoceric acid (Tm - 347 K) and the stearic acid (Tm =317 K) monolayers [31] those monolayers are in a crystalline state. The subphase water was purified with the Milli-QII system. The lignoceric acid monolayer was prepared at a surface pressure of 5 mN-m 1 by a continuous compression at a rate of 1.7 X 10 3 nm--molecule 1 s 1. The stearic acid monolayer was prepared at 23 mN-m-1 by the continuous compression method or the multi-step creep method [39]. The multi-step creep method is a monolayer preparation method for which the monolayer is stepwisely compressed up to a... 

Figure 28(a) shows a nonfiltered AFM image of the stearic acid crystalline monolayer which was prepared by the multi-step creep method with a scan area of 5 X 5 nm2. Though scanning was done repeatedly on the stearic acid monolayer prepared at the high surface pressure of 23 mN- nr1 by the multi-step creep method, the monolayer was not damaged by the... 

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