Multi-functional phenolic compound

The multi-copper oxidases include laccase, ceruloplasmin, and ascorbate oxidase. Laccase can be found in tree sap and in fungi ascorbate oxidase, in cucumber and related plants and ceruloplasmin, in vertebrate blood serum. Laccases catalyze oxidation of phenolic compounds to radicals with a concomitant 4e reduction of O2 to water, and it is thought that this process may be important in the breakdown of lignin. Ceruloplasmin, whose real biological function is either quite varied or unknown, also catalyzes oxidation of a variety of substrates, again via a 4e reduction of O2 to water. Ferroxidase activity has been demonstrated for it, as has SOD activity. Ascorbate oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of ascorbate, again via a 4e reduction of O2 to water. Excellent reviews of these three systems can be found in Volume 111 of Copper Proteins and Copper Enzymes (Lontie, 1984). 

Former data about properties of cyclohexadienones are reviewed in42 43 This chapter deals only with derivatives containing a peroxide function in the molecule, because they have a specific importance for the long-term properties of polymers. Compounds derived from phenolic antioxidants have the structure of 4-alkylperoxy-4-substituted 2,6-di-tert-butyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-l-ones XXXVI (in Scheme 5) or 2-alkylperoxy-2-substituted 4,6-di-tert-butyl-3,5-cyclohexadiene-l-onesLXXIV, where R1 may be alkyl, substituted alkyl, or the residue of a molecule of multi-nuclear phenolic antioxidant and R is the residue derived from the oxidized substrate. 

Porous Polymers Ether, Hexane, Carbon Disulfide, Alcohols Wide range of compounds phenols, acidic and basic organics, multi-functional organics, pesticides, etc. 

Electrochemical detection is very sensitive for the compounds that can be oxidized or reduced at low-voltage potentials. Therefore, it could also be applied in the HPLC analysis of phenolic acids that are present in natural samples at very low concentrations. With the recent advances in electrochemical detection, multi-electrode array detection is becoming a powerful tool for detecting phenolic acids and flavonoids in a wide range of samples. The multi-channel coulometric detection system may serve as a highly sensitive way for the overall characterization of antioxidants the coulometric efficiency of each element of the array allows a complete voltametiic resolution of analytes as a function of their reaction (redox) potential. Some peaks may be resolved by the detector, even if they are unresolved when they leave the HPLC column. ... 

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