Multi-domain structure

Fig. 2.1 Multi-domain structural organization of gastrointestinal gel-forming mucins. Schematic drawings (not at scale) of the different domains found in gastrointestinal mucins and their roles. Note that while the cysteine-rich domains (D-, CS-, C-, and CK-domains) have a similar length among mucin alleles, the O-glycosylated regions, except in the case of MUC5B, differ in size, a feature not shown in the drawings...

Fig. 2.2 Different levels of structural organization in gel-forming mucins. From the biochemical point of view (a), mucin polypeptides have very complex multi-domain structures and glycosylation patterns and thousands of amino acids per monomer. Moreover, the monomers are assembled into disulfide-linked oligomers/multimers that have contour sizes of several microns.

Table 2. List of the ordered commensurate structures formed at adsorption of metallic adsorbates on the main Si and Ge surfaces, (100), (110) and (111). The sketches of the corresponding LEED patterns are shown, since they are used conventionally for the identification of the surface structure. The sketch of a LEED pattern from a single-domain structure coincides with the sketch of the superstructure reciprocal lattice superposed on the reciprocal lattice of the corresponding unreconstructed surface. Thus, the extrareflections (shown by solid circles) correspond to the superstructure reciprocal rods, while the main reflections (shown by open circles) to those of the unreconstructed 1x1 surface. The sketch of a LEED pattern from a multi-domain structure represents the superposition of the LEED patterns produced by domains in all possible equivalent orientations. N denotes the number of possible equivalent domains.

To obtain the values of magi ii and 2, several further assumptions are necessary. We take an approximation that the density and local angular distribution of the 8CB molecules in the adsorbed layers are the same as in the bulk smectic A phase, i.e. bulk values of optical dielectric constants are used in the calculation of Cxi and ezi- To account for the molecular tilting, the films are regarded to form a multi-domain structure with the molecular directors being azimuthally isotropically distributed on a cone with the tilt angle 0, . These assumptions result in... 

Liquid crystal display of multi-domain structure, G02F 1/1337 (359/75)... 

No rubbing treatment is done on a pair of transparent substrates. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between these transparent substrates to exhibit a multi-domain structure wherein liquid crystal molecules are oriented to various directions at the interface between the liquid crystal layer and a transparent substrate so that the liquid crystal molecules can be considered to be orientated at every direction at an equal possibility with respect to the directions in a plane parallel to the transparent substrate. The transparent substrates constitute a liquid crystal display cell having a reference direction such as an observation direction. A pair of polarizers are disposed outside the transparent substrates to have a transmission or an absorption axis aligned with the observation direction. 

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