Multi-Bottle Challenge

In previous experiments you used a large number of aqueous solutions for a variety of purposes. Several acids or bases were used simply to 

You will be provided with chemical names (in alphabetical order) and chemical formulas for the species in lettered bottles for your experimentation. You will also be told the approximate molar concentration of each solution or at least the concentration range for the solutions. This information should be entered in TABLE 44.1. However, you will not be given the chemical name corresponding to the letter identifying each solution. 

Your goal is to determine which chemical species is solution A, which chemical species is solution B, and so forth, and to enter your conclusions in TABLE 44.1. You may also be asked to identify any precipitates produced, gases evolved, or weak electrolytes formed during your experimentation and to write balanced chemical equations to describe any reactions that you observe. 

In order to interpret the results that you will observe upon mixing pairs of aqueous solutions you must recognize that reactions in aqueous solution that do not involve oxidation and reduction generally go to completion only if one or more of the products formed removes ions from aqueous solution. The reverse reaction cannot then occur to an appreciable extent, and the equilibrium is shifted toward the right. This can happen in one of three ways. 

Therefore, you must know solubility rules for solids and gases, and you must know common weak acids and bases. You should have memorized the strong acids and bases and then can assume that other acids and bases are weak. 

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