Multi-axis differential optical absorption

Honninger G. (2002) Halogen oxide smdies in the boundary layer by multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy and active longpath-DOAS. PhD Thesis, Universi-tat Heidelberg, Germany, http //www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/ archiv/1940... 

The observed mixing ratios of active halogen species in the troposphere is in general 1-100 ppt, and the direct measurements of these species are usually made by using the methods, Long-Path Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (LP-DOAS), Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS), Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). As for BrO and lO, satellite observation gives spatial distribution of its tropospheric column. 

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