Motional inductance

Since the series resonant frequency is defined as the point where motional inductance and capacitance resonate, the motional inductance Li causes a shift in series resonant frequency (relative to the unperturbed case) given by ... 

The motional inductance La, representing the kinetic energy of die entrained liquid layer (with effective thickness 812), leads to a decrease in the series resonant frequency [14,17] from Equation 3.23 in agreement with the prediction of Kanazawa and Gordon [18] ... 

Equivalent (motional) inductance of bare quartz crystal (acoustic load)... 

Fig. 14 Simplified Mason circuit (a) close to Fig. 13d. Since tan(fcqfiq) is large close to the resonance and, further, since this element is in parallel to the small load AZl, it may be neglected, b Close to resonance we have cot(fcqfiq 0) and the element - 2L4Zq cot(fcqfiq) can be approximated by a spring, a mass, and a dashpot. c Using the electromechanical analogy, the spring, the mass, and the dashpot may also be represented as a motional capacitance, Ci, a motional inductance, L, and a motional resistance, R ...

Here/o, Zcq, and Zq are the resonant frequency, acoustic impedance, and motional inductance of the bare quartz crystal. 

Isaac Newton modestly claimed to have stood on the shoulders of giants to explain how he was able to achieve his outstanding discoveries in the fields of gravitational attraction and planetary motion our Giants in the field of electromagnetic induction would probably have said the same. 

The output signal from positive-displacement meters may be mechanical, where the motion is transmitted by an output shaft through a housing seal, or it may be magnetically or inductively coupled. 

Alternating-current motors are classified as induction motors or synchronous motors. Faraday found that a stationaiy wire in a magnetic field produced no current. However, when the wire continues to move across magnetic lines of force, it produces a continual current. When the motion stops, so does the current. Thus Faraday proved that electric current is only produced from relative motion between the wire and magnetic field. It is called an induced current—an electromagnetic induction effect. 

In addition to the static induction effects included in I/scf, the hot Drude oscillators give rise to a 1/r6, temperature-dependent, attractive term. This jkg Ta2/r6 term is the classical thermodynamic equivalent of the London quantum dispersive attraction IEa2/r6. It corresponds to a small perturbation to the London forces, because k T is at least two orders of magnitude smaller than the typical ionization energy IE. The smaller the temperature of the Drude motion, the closer the effective potential is to the SCF potential, making Eq. (9-57) independent of mo, the mass of the oscillators. 

This magnetic induction is the mechanism behind the spin-orbit interaction in the rest frame of a nucleus only a static electric field is observed, whereas an electron in relative motion will experience a magnetic field with which it can interact through its spin. 

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