Morphine, managing adverse reactions

OxyContin is a controlled-released form of oxycodone and indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain when a continuous, around-the-clock analgesic is needed for an extended period of time OxyContin is not intended for use as a PRN analgesic The patient may experience fewer adverse reactions with oxycodone tlian morphine, and the drug is effective and safe for the elderly. The tablets are to be swallowed whole and are not to be broken, chewed, or crushed. 

This type of pain management is used for postoperative pain, labor pain, and cancer pain. The most serious adverse reaction associated with the administration of narcotics by the epidural route is respiratory depression. The patient may also experience sedation, confusion, nausea, pruritus, or urinary retention. Fentanyl is increasingly used as an alternative to morphine sulfate because patients experience fewer adverse reactions. 

Management of adverse drug reactions Dexmedetomidine Combining dexmedeto-midine 5 micrograms/ml and morphine 1 mg/ml in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia resulted in better analgesia, reduced morphine consumption, and a reduced incidence of nausea and vomiting... 

MANAGEMENT OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Administration of butorphanol, a partial agonist and antagonist of the mu receptor, was able to prevent morphine-induced pruritus without increasing effects of opiate withdrawal including nausea and vomiting [59 ]. 

---