Monographies on Major Industrial Gases

In the following paragraphs, the detailed description of the physical and chemical properties, along with the natural occurrence, laboratory and industrial preparation, industrial uses, transport and storage and health and safety of the major commercial gases is provided. The selected gases are classified as follows  

Notes (i) Average chemical composition measured at sea-level (latitude 45°N), at a temperature of 15°C and a pressure of 101.325 kPa. (ii) The mass density is taken as 1.225 kg.m and the mean relative molar mass as 28.964. 

United States Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere (COESA) (1976) U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States Air Force (USAF), US Government Printing Office, Washington DC. 2004 value 

Solid nitrogen exhibits two allotropes with a phase transition occurring at 36.15 K (-237 C). 

Laboratory preparation. Pure nitrogen gas can be prepared from the oxidation of ammonia by cuprous oxide or nitrates. 

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