Moniezia spp

Infections with tapeworms (mainly Moniezia spp.) do not generally represent an isolated problem in grazing ruminants, with the exception of young lambs, which may occasionally suffer from severe infections. 

A feature of the research carried out on the physiology of the group is the relatively small number of species investigated - most experiments being carried out on Hymenolepis spp., Taenia spp., Moniezia spp., Echinococcus spp. and Mesocestoides spp. amongst the Cyclophyllidea, and various species of Diphyllobothriidae amongst the Pseudophyllidea. 

Mebendazole (14) The drug has been found to be active against cysts of Taenia spp. and Echinococcus granulosus in sheep, Moniezia spp. in cattle, Ci/sticerciis tmuicollis... 

Fenbendazole (18) This drug shows high activity against Moniezia spp. in sheep (5-25 mg/kg) and calves (10-15 mg/kg) and, therefore, finds wide usage in the treatment of major nematode and a few cestode infections in above animals [176]. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, both fenbendazole and oxfendazole had no lethal effects on 10 week old cysticerci of T. saginata in calves [189]. 

Oxfendazole (19) Oxfendazole exhibits high efficacy against Moniezia spp. in lambs at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The drug is well tolerated in sheep and shows no teratogenicity in early pregnancy in heifers [176]. 

Luxabendazole (22) It shows 90% activity against Moniezia spp. at a dose of 7.5-10 mg/kg. The drug is a well tolerated with no indication of teratogenicity or mutagenicity in rats and sheep at 250 and 10 times the therapeutic dose, respectively [57]. 

Moniezia spp. in ruminants [69]. The above dose of the drug was also effective in removing 80-100% of the paramphistomes (P. cervi) from sheep, goats and cattle... 

Moniezia expartsa (408), Oochoristica sigmoides (411), Pelichnobothrium spedosum (260), and Raillietina spp. (411, 717). 

It has been purified (445) and shares some properties in common with malic enzymes from mammals and birds in being NADP-dependent, heat-stable and able to decarboxylate oxaloacetate. The malic enzyme of H. microstoma also has a marked specificity for NADP (216), contrasting with that of Spirometra mansonoides, which appears to be both NAD- and NADP-linked (220). Malic enzyme has been demonstrated in a range of other cestodes including Mesocestoides corti (399), Schistocephalus solidus (406), Moniezia expansa (60), Echinococcus spp. (500) and L. intestinalis (502). 

Some organolead compounds are known to possess better antitapeworm activity than organotin compounds. These are di-n-butyllead diacetate (35a) and dicy-clohexyllead diacetate (35b) showing high activity against Choanotaenia, Raillietina, Hymenolepis, Moniezia and Avitellina spp. in chicken and sheep and low toxicity [22]. 

Bithionol causes complete clearance of intestinal tapeworms, T. hydatigena, T. ovis, M. multiceps and D. caninum from dogs at a dose of 150-200 mg/kg. It also exhibits 100% efficacy against Moniezia and Anoplocephala spp. in sheep at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Bithionol eliminates more than 90% of the adult Fasciola spp. from sheep and cattle at the oral doses of 75 and 35 mg/kg, respectively. The drug is well tolerated producing no side effects except occasional diarrhea and softening of the stool [12,35,76]. 

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