Molten metal droplet impact

Keywords Contact angle Corona splashes Disintegration Disintegration limits Droplet impact Drop surface energy Heat transfer regimes Leidenfrost point Molten metal droplet impact Rupture Secondary atomization Spread Surface topography Thermal induced atomization Wettability... 

Waldvogel, I Diversiev, G. Poulikakos, D. Megaridis, C. Attinger, D. Xiong, B. Wallace, D. 1998. Impact and solidification of molten-metal droplets on electronic substrates. J. Heat Transfer 120 539. 

S. D. Aziz, S. Chandra Impact, recoil and splashing of molten metal droplets, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 43. 2841-2857 (2000). 

Some quantitative studies1498115011 on droplet size distribution in water atomization of melts showed that the mean droplet size increases with metal flow rate and reduces with water flow rate, water velocity, or water pressure. From detailed experimental studies on the water atomization of steel, Grandzol and Tallmadge15011 observed that water velocity is a fundamental variable influencing the mean droplet size, and further, it is the velocity component normal to the molten metal stream Uw sin , rather than parallel to the metal stream, that governs the mean droplet size. This may be attributed to the hypothesis that water atomization is an impact and shattering process, while gas atomization is predominantly an aerodynamic shear process. 

Serves as a guard against the hazards of impact, splashes from chemicals or molten metal, liquid droplets (chemical mists and sprays), dust, gases and welding arcs. Eye protectors include safety spectacles, eye-shields, goggles, welding filters, face shields and hoods (Fig. 1.7). 

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