Molecular semiconductors

J. Simon, J.-J. Andre, Molecular Semiconductors, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1985. 

Low-molecular semiconductors and, in particular, phthalocyanines are known to exhibit photosensitizing properties268. The photosensitizing activity of these substances has been studied in most detail for the reaction of oxidation of ascorbic acid. 

Coordination compounds composed of tetrapyrrole macrocyclic ligands encompassing a large metal ion in a sandwich-like fashion have been known since 1936 when Linstead and co-workers (67) reported the first synthesis of Sn(IV) bis(phthalocyanine). Numerous homoleptic and heteroleptic sandwich-type or double-decker metal complexes with phthalocyanines (68-70) and porphyrins (71-75) have been studied and structurally characterized. The electrochromic properties of the lanthanide pc sandwich complexes (76) have been investigated and the stable radical bis(phthalocyaninato)lutetium has been found to be the first example of an intrinsic molecular semiconductor (77). In contrast to the wealth of literature describing porphyrin and pc sandwich complexes, re-... 

Agrawal R, Kumar P, Ghosh S, Mahapatro AK (2008) Thickness dependence of space charge limited current and injection limited current in organic molecular semiconductors. Appl Phys Lett 93 073311... 

Fratini S, Ciuchi S (2009) Bandlike motion and mobility saturation in organic molecular semiconductors. Phys Rev Lett 103 266601... 

Cordes AW, Haddon RC, Oakley RT, Schneemeyer LF, Waszczak JV, Young KM, Zimmerman NM (1991) Molecular semiconductors from bifunctional dithia- and diselena-diazolyl radicals. Preparation and solid-state structural and electronic properties of 1,4-[(E2N2C)C6H4(CN2E2)] (E = sulfur, selenium). J Am Chem Soc 113 582-588... 

The phthalocyanine radical complex of lithium (PcLi ) is a member of the class of intrinsic molecular semiconductors [27]. Its preparation is carried out by electrosynthesis at 70°C under... 

Lanthanide(III) Pc doubledecker complexes, LnPc2, possess peculiar electronic properties which make them the first molecular semiconductors [287]. Applications in the field of high speed thin film electronics have been discussed (by Simon et al.). Like the silylamides, they are also sublimable. The radical... 

B.A. Gregg, Photovoltaic properties of a molecular semiconductor modulated by an exciton-dissociating film, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 (1995) 1271-1273. 

Localization of template molecules, sorbates, or other introduced molecular, semiconductor or metal clusters. 

Conjugated polymers are one of several classes of molecular semiconductor. Other examples include organic crystals like anthracene and glassy materials... 

The demonstrated, rich chemistry that has evolved from the development of the reactions of silylated chalcogen sources E(SiMe3)2 has yet to be matched with related Group XV reagents. Clear indicators of the utility of these molecules in accessing large, molecular semiconductor clusters have however been reported. 

Because of the strong Coulomb interactions inherent in such low dielectric molecular semiconductors, excitons are characterised by a very small radius (a few nanometres). At the same time the conjugation length can reach... 

Apart from the promise of low cost, molecnlar photovoltaic materials offer the distinct advantages of compatibility with flexible substrates and, uniquely, the potential to vary the colour of photovoltaic modules by altering the chemical structure. Although compatibility with flexible substrates is possible with some thin-fdm inorganic photovoltaic materials, it is more easily and naturally achieved via solution deposition of extremely thin layers. Tuning of colour via molecular structure is a property unique to molecular semiconductors and is of particular value in building integration, where colonr is of aesthetic importance, and in dual-function applications, snch as photovoltaic windows, where a semi-transparent structure is required. 

Properties of molecular semiconductors and comparisons with conventional semiconductors... 

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