Molal freezing-point elevation

IQ = molal freezing-point depression constant Kb = molal boiling-point elevation constant Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1 for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1 AT = iKf x molality ATb = iKb x molality n = MRT... 

Kf = molal freezing-point depression constant Kt,= molal boiling-point elevation constant A = absorbance a= molar absorptivity b = path length c= concentration Q = reaction quotient /= current (amperes) q= charge (coulombs) f= time (seconds)... 

Molal Boiling-Point-Elevation Constants (Afb) and Molal Freezing-Point-Depression Constants (ACf) for Some Common Substances... 

Solutions have lower freezing points than the pure solvent. The freezing point elevation (ATf) is directly proportional to the solvent s freezing point depression constant (Kf) times the molality (m) of the nonelectrolyte solute in moles per kg of solvent ... 

K = molal freezing-point depression constant = molal boiling-point elevation constant... 

TABLE 12.2 Molal Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression Constants of Several Common Liquids ... 

R-10 Molal Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation... 

The proportionality constant K( is the molal freezing-point-depression constant, analogous to for boiling point elevation. Note that because the solution freezes at a lower temperature than does the pure solvent, the value of AT is negative. 

Table 11.5 Molal Boiling-Point Elevation Constants Kb) and Freezing-Point Depression Constants (Kf) for Several Solvents...

MOLALITY, FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION, AND BOILING POINT ELEVATION ... 

Use the data in Table 12.4 to evaluate the molal freezing-point depression constant and the molal boiling-point elevation constant for H2O at a pressure of 1 bar. 

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