Mock explosives

A series of mock explosives to simulate PBX 9404, LX-04 LX-10 has been developed in AEC laboratories... 

The composition, density, thermal properties mechanical properties (elastic, viscoelastic failure behavior) of these mock explosives are given in Ref 7... 

Attrappen = mock explosives 218 Audibert tube 22 249 Auflegerladung = mud cap 3 43 220 Aunt Jemima = 80% fine ground HMX (- Octogen) and 20% plain, old flour. It served for camouflage storage of sabotage explosive in World War II. 

FA = furfuryl alcohol FA/AN = mixture furfuryl alcohol/ani-line/hydrazine 46/47/7 face burning 140 Fackel = flare 142 factices = Mock explosives 218 fallhammer 140 185 farine de guar = guar gum 158 Favier explosives = ammonium nitrate explosives (France Belgium now obsolete) Federzugmaschine - blasting machines 37... 

MNM = mononitromethane 233 M.N.N. = mononitronaphthalene MnnFIN = mannose hexanitrate MNO = dinitrodimethyloxamide 103 M.N.T = mononitrotoluene MntFIN = mannitol hexanitrate 209 MNX = mononitroxylene mock explosives 218 Morser ballistischer = ballistic mortar 26... 

Explosives, mock explosives, resins, dyes Trace concentrations organic inorganic compounds, CBN... 

The comparisons with experimental distributions would be incomplete without examining some exploding munitions data. Data of this type have been published by Mock and Holt (1983) in which explosive-filled cylinders of armco iron and several heat-treated steels were detonated, and the fragments collected and analyzed. A cumulative number distribution from one of the heat-treated steel experiments is shown in Fig. 8.33. The trend of the data in this example is typical of the six experiments performed by them. 

In the third quarter, we plan to offer a course which includes the presentation of expert witness testimony in a mock court of law with the assistance of the Northeastern University Law School. Practice trial sessions with student attorneys are envisioned. The course on arson and explosives will deal with detection of related crimes, and biometrics in the fifth quarter will cover concepts of statistics important in forensic chemistry. 

In all cases, attempt to keep the materials and design of whatever trigger is used as absolutely simple as possible. Test extensively without explosives, using a mock device made from a flashlight bulb to determine when the circuit is closed. 

Mocks are nonexplosive simulants for high explosives. They duplicate the properties for test purposes without hazard. The required properties to copy need different mocks, e.g., for physical properties, for density, or for thermal behavior. 

An explosion test inside a mock storage shed (II) with small amounts of explosives. 

After a thorough examination of the mock storage shed (I), the role of the storage shed was clear. We then built a mock storage shed to scale and tested it by initiating an explosion inside the structure. It was confirmed by the measurement of ground vibration and the sound of the explosion that the storage shed met our specifications. 

An open receiving room (lm x lm, 50cm in depth) filled with sand was included as a mock receiving room. For measuring acceleration,ground vibration and the sound produced by the explosion, sensors were placed at various points as shown in Figure 5.26. No damage was noticed inside the mock shed. 

Table 5.8 shows a summary of the results of the sound of explosions measured at the mock storage shed. Data is shown at the impulse level, and data from the fast level is usually 3.5-5.5dB lower than the impulse level data. Impulse levels were used for the dB values. The frequencies used for a linear response were l-90Hz for the special linear characteristic and 10-20Hz for the special flat characteristic. In many cases the explosive sound was measured over 100Hz to include the main components. One must pay close attention to methodology when comparing and analyzing measured values of sounds. 

Table 5.9 Difference of the explosive sound (dB) in a mock storage shed (I).

An outside experiment with a fire for a mock storage shed (III) containing a small amount of explosives. 

The effect of the impact of steel cylinders and spheres on PBX-9502 was modeled by Fu and Cort in reference 28. They used the 2DE code with the Forest Fire heterogeneous shock initiation burn. They found good agreement between the numerical model and experiments involving instrumented mock and high explosives, with projectiles of varying sizes, shapes, and velocities. 

Leksin, A., R. Mock U. Barth 2014. The Potential of QRA Audit Tools in Industrial Fire and Explosion Protection. In Proc. of European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2013). In Safety. Reliability and Risk Analysis Beyond the Horizon. Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1895-1901. 

The use of the combination of indexing and semi-quantitative methods in audits for individual risk assessment in the field of fire and explosion protection A. Leksin, U. Barth, D. Adeulov R. Mock... 

Mock, W., Hanna, B.L and Holt, W.H. (2009) Reactive material initiator for explosive filled munitions. US Patent 7,587,978, USA. 

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