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FIG. 36. Internal stress as a function of film atomic density for films deposited from a C2H2-N2 mixture. (Reproduced from [56].)... [Pg.265]

Figure 1. CMC determination of surfactant mixtures. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 16. Copyright 1987 Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft.)... Figure 1. CMC determination of surfactant mixtures. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 16. Copyright 1987 Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft.)...
Figure 31 Copolymer composition as a function of monomer mixture composition in the case of styrene methyl methacrylate mixtures. Reproduced from Mercier and Marechal [15], Reproduit avec I autorisation de I editeur. Tous droits reserves. Figure 31 Copolymer composition as a function of monomer mixture composition in the case of styrene methyl methacrylate mixtures. Reproduced from Mercier and Marechal [15], Reproduit avec I autorisation de I editeur. Tous droits reserves.
Figure 5. Electron energy distribution functions for various gases and gas mixtures. (Reproduced with permission from Ref 24 J... Figure 5. Electron energy distribution functions for various gases and gas mixtures. (Reproduced with permission from Ref 24 J...
Figure 11.24 A silicon wafer array, with micromachined pyramidal wells (detail shown right) for holding receptor derivatised beads. Fluid containing the experimental solution is added to the top of the array and flows through the bead matrix, and out of the bottom of the pyramidal wells holding the beads. Analyte binding by the differential receptors anchored to the beads gives a recognition pattern unique to each analyte mixture (reproduced with permission from [34] 2001 American Chemical Society). Figure 11.24 A silicon wafer array, with micromachined pyramidal wells (detail shown right) for holding receptor derivatised beads. Fluid containing the experimental solution is added to the top of the array and flows through the bead matrix, and out of the bottom of the pyramidal wells holding the beads. Analyte binding by the differential receptors anchored to the beads gives a recognition pattern unique to each analyte mixture (reproduced with permission from [34] 2001 American Chemical Society).
Figure 7-27 Raman spectra of an eight-component synthetic natural gas mixture. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 17.)... Figure 7-27 Raman spectra of an eight-component synthetic natural gas mixture. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 17.)...
Fig. 5.6. Conversion of norepinephrine (1 mg) into the fully silylated N,N-di-TMS derivative using BSA (0.2 ml)-TMCS (0.1 ml) at 60°C in 0.1 ml of either acetonitrile (A,C) or pyridine (B,D). For curves A and B 2 gl of water were added to the reaction mixture. (Reproduced from Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 148 (1967) 597, by courtesy of M.G. Horning.)... Fig. 5.6. Conversion of norepinephrine (1 mg) into the fully silylated N,N-di-TMS derivative using BSA (0.2 ml)-TMCS (0.1 ml) at 60°C in 0.1 ml of either acetonitrile (A,C) or pyridine (B,D). For curves A and B 2 gl of water were added to the reaction mixture. (Reproduced from Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 148 (1967) 597, by courtesy of M.G. Horning.)...
Analysing the solution for new species derived from the solid such as metal ions, complex ions, or co-ions. Their concentrations may be too small for detection by conventional means and it may be helpful to employ newer techniques like atomic absorption, ion chromatography, or radioactivity measurements after prior neutron irradiation of the solid. If new species are found, an experiment could be carried out to see if their deliberate addition to the homogeneous reaction mixture reproduces the "catalytic rate. [Pg.105]

Figure 18. Effect of solids shape on the viscosity of emulsion-solids mixtures. (Reproduced with permission from reference 57. Copyright 1991 Pergamon... Figure 18. Effect of solids shape on the viscosity of emulsion-solids mixtures. (Reproduced with permission from reference 57. Copyright 1991 Pergamon...
Figure 4.10 Experimental competitive adsorption isotherm data of ds- and fraws-andro-sterone. Same phase system as in Figure 4.9. Comparison of the Langmuir competitive model (bottom) and the two-term expansion of the LeVan-Vermeulen isotherm (top). In both cases, the best-fit parameters are used to calculate the Unes. Experimental data A ds-androsterone o trafjs-androsterone. Theory czs-androsterone (dotted lines) trans-androsterone (solid Hnes). a and d 2 1 mixture b and e 1 1 mixture and c and f 1 2 mixture. Reproduced with permission from S. Golshan-Shirazi, J.-X. Huang and G. Guiochon, Anal. Chem., 63 (1991) 1147 (Figs. 1 and 2), ( )1991 American Chemical Society. Figure 4.10 Experimental competitive adsorption isotherm data of ds- and fraws-andro-sterone. Same phase system as in Figure 4.9. Comparison of the Langmuir competitive model (bottom) and the two-term expansion of the LeVan-Vermeulen isotherm (top). In both cases, the best-fit parameters are used to calculate the Unes. Experimental data A ds-androsterone o trafjs-androsterone. Theory czs-androsterone (dotted lines) trans-androsterone (solid Hnes). a and d 2 1 mixture b and e 1 1 mixture and c and f 1 2 mixture. Reproduced with permission from S. Golshan-Shirazi, J.-X. Huang and G. Guiochon, Anal. Chem., 63 (1991) 1147 (Figs. 1 and 2), ( )1991 American Chemical Society.
Figure 4.22 Experimental concentration profiles in the column effluent for adsorption isotherm determination by binary frontal analysis. (Left) Bottom trace solid line, experimental UV profile dotted line reconstructed profile of 3-phenylpropanol (P) dashed line reconstructed profile of 2-phenylethanol (E). Arrows 1-5 indicate the time when the eluent sample was taken for on-line analysis. Top trace On-line analysis of the sampled eluent. Reproduced with permission from J. Zhu, A. Katti and G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr. 552 (1991) 71 (Fig. 1). (Right) Examples of one-step binary frontal analyses for the determination of the competitive isotherms of N-benzoyl-D,L-alanine. Injection of large volumes (5 mL) of solutions of increasing concentrations of racemic mixture. Reproduced with permission from S.C. Jacobson, A. Felinger and G. Guiochon, Biotechnol. Progr., 8 (1992) 533 (Fig. 1), 1992 American Chemical Society. Figure 4.22 Experimental concentration profiles in the column effluent for adsorption isotherm determination by binary frontal analysis. (Left) Bottom trace solid line, experimental UV profile dotted line reconstructed profile of 3-phenylpropanol (P) dashed line reconstructed profile of 2-phenylethanol (E). Arrows 1-5 indicate the time when the eluent sample was taken for on-line analysis. Top trace On-line analysis of the sampled eluent. Reproduced with permission from J. Zhu, A. Katti and G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr. 552 (1991) 71 (Fig. 1). (Right) Examples of one-step binary frontal analyses for the determination of the competitive isotherms of N-benzoyl-D,L-alanine. Injection of large volumes (5 mL) of solutions of increasing concentrations of racemic mixture. Reproduced with permission from S.C. Jacobson, A. Felinger and G. Guiochon, Biotechnol. Progr., 8 (1992) 533 (Fig. 1), 1992 American Chemical Society.
Figure 4.33 Top. Simultaneous fitting to a competitive bi-Langmuir model of the chromatograms obtained with a large (50.7 mg) and a moderate (10.14 mg) sample of the racemic mixture of 1-indanol. Bottom. Comparison of the FA adsorption data points (s)rmboIs) and the best competitive bi-Langmuir isotherms obtained by the inverse method (lines) for the racemic mixture. Reproduced with permission from A. Felinger, D. Zhou, G. Guiochon, f. Chromatogr. A, 1005 (2003) 35 (Figures 7 and 8). Figure 4.33 Top. Simultaneous fitting to a competitive bi-Langmuir model of the chromatograms obtained with a large (50.7 mg) and a moderate (10.14 mg) sample of the racemic mixture of 1-indanol. Bottom. Comparison of the FA adsorption data points (s)rmboIs) and the best competitive bi-Langmuir isotherms obtained by the inverse method (lines) for the racemic mixture. Reproduced with permission from A. Felinger, D. Zhou, G. Guiochon, f. Chromatogr. A, 1005 (2003) 35 (Figures 7 and 8).
Figure 11.22 Comparison of experimental (symbols) and calculated individual elution profiles. 2-Phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol. Calculations made with the forward-backward scheme, the coefficients of the competitive isotherm Langmuir model derived from the hodograph method and the recorded injection profile (Solid line) or a rectangular injection profile (Dashed line) Same sample sizes as in Figure 11.21. (a) 1 1 mixture, (b) 1 3 mixture, (c) 3 1 mixture. Reproduced with permission from AM. Katti, M. Czok and G. Guiochon, ]. Chromatogr., 556 (1991) 205 (Fig. 6). Figure 11.22 Comparison of experimental (symbols) and calculated individual elution profiles. 2-Phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol. Calculations made with the forward-backward scheme, the coefficients of the competitive isotherm Langmuir model derived from the hodograph method and the recorded injection profile (Solid line) or a rectangular injection profile (Dashed line) Same sample sizes as in Figure 11.21. (a) 1 1 mixture, (b) 1 3 mixture, (c) 3 1 mixture. Reproduced with permission from AM. Katti, M. Czok and G. Guiochon, ]. Chromatogr., 556 (1991) 205 (Fig. 6).
Figure 13.24 Influence of the additive concentration in the mobile phase on the chromatogram of a binary mixture. Same conditions as for Figure 13.23, except mobile phase concentration of 2-propanol, 0.027 M. (a) Experimental chromatogram, 4.3 1 mixture, (b) Calculated chromatogram, 4.3 1 mixture, (c) Experimental chromatogram, 1 3.6 mixture, (d) Calculated chromatogram, 1 3.6 mixture. Reproduced with permission from S. Golshan-Shirazi and G. Guiochon, Anal. Chem., 61 (1989) 2380 (Figs. 5 and 6). 1989 American Chemical Society. Figure 13.24 Influence of the additive concentration in the mobile phase on the chromatogram of a binary mixture. Same conditions as for Figure 13.23, except mobile phase concentration of 2-propanol, 0.027 M. (a) Experimental chromatogram, 4.3 1 mixture, (b) Calculated chromatogram, 4.3 1 mixture, (c) Experimental chromatogram, 1 3.6 mixture, (d) Calculated chromatogram, 1 3.6 mixture. Reproduced with permission from S. Golshan-Shirazi and G. Guiochon, Anal. Chem., 61 (1989) 2380 (Figs. 5 and 6). 1989 American Chemical Society.
Figure 16.15 Comparison of the experimental (solid s5mibols) overloaded elution band profiles of mixtures of phenetole and propyl benzoate on a S)nnmetry-Cig 150 x 3.9 mm column eluted with Me0H/H20, 65/35 v/v and the profiles calculated with the IAS theory of competitive adsorption and the transport-dispersive model (solid fines). The open symbols are the single component profiles of each component in (a) and of component 2 in (b). (a) 1 2 mixture, Ci = 3.4 g/1 and C2 = 7.28 g/1, f, y = 30 s. (b) 1 1 mixture Ci = C2 = 12.08 g/L, = 120 s. The inset shows the calculated profiles of the two individual bands in this binary mixture. Reproduced with permission from W. Piatkowski, D. Antos, F. Gritti, and G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr. 1003 (2003) 73 (Figures 6 and 8). Figure 16.15 Comparison of the experimental (solid s5mibols) overloaded elution band profiles of mixtures of phenetole and propyl benzoate on a S)nnmetry-Cig 150 x 3.9 mm column eluted with Me0H/H20, 65/35 v/v and the profiles calculated with the IAS theory of competitive adsorption and the transport-dispersive model (solid fines). The open symbols are the single component profiles of each component in (a) and of component 2 in (b). (a) 1 2 mixture, Ci = 3.4 g/1 and C2 = 7.28 g/1, f, y = 30 s. (b) 1 1 mixture Ci = C2 = 12.08 g/L, = 120 s. The inset shows the calculated profiles of the two individual bands in this binary mixture. Reproduced with permission from W. Piatkowski, D. Antos, F. Gritti, and G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr. 1003 (2003) 73 (Figures 6 and 8).
Figure 18.20 Plot of the specific production in elution versus the column efficiency, N. a = 1.2 and fcj = 6. Less ( ) and more (o) retained components of a 3 1 mixture less (A) and more (+) retained components of a 1 3 mixture. Reproduced from A. Fdinger and G. Guiochon, AlChE 40 (1994) 594. Fig. 3a). Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. ( )1994 AIChE. All rights reserved. Figure 18.20 Plot of the specific production in elution versus the column efficiency, N. a = 1.2 and fcj = 6. Less ( ) and more (o) retained components of a 3 1 mixture less (A) and more (+) retained components of a 1 3 mixture. Reproduced from A. Fdinger and G. Guiochon, AlChE 40 (1994) 594. Fig. 3a). Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. ( )1994 AIChE. All rights reserved.
Figure 18.24 Plot of the maximum production rate of the two components in displacement chromatography versus the retention factor of the first eluted one. Separation factor, a = 1.2 feed composition 3 1. Curve 1, first component, 3 1 mixture curve 2, second component, 1 3 mixture curve 3, first component, 1 3 mixture curve 4, second component, 3 1 mixture. Reproduced with permission from A. Felinger and G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr., 609 (1992) 35 (Fig. 9). Figure 18.24 Plot of the maximum production rate of the two components in displacement chromatography versus the retention factor of the first eluted one. Separation factor, a = 1.2 feed composition 3 1. Curve 1, first component, 3 1 mixture curve 2, second component, 1 3 mixture curve 3, first component, 1 3 mixture curve 4, second component, 3 1 mixture. Reproduced with permission from A. Felinger and G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr., 609 (1992) 35 (Fig. 9).
Figure 3.13 Phase diagram of the Na20-AI203-Si02-H20 system. Composition of the parent mixture O Composition of water-washed dry aluminosilicate gel Composition of the liquid phase in the parent mixture Reproduced with permission from [8], Copyright (1974) John Wiley Sons, Inc. Figure 3.13 Phase diagram of the Na20-AI203-Si02-H20 system. Composition of the parent mixture O Composition of water-washed dry aluminosilicate gel Composition of the liquid phase in the parent mixture Reproduced with permission from [8], Copyright (1974) John Wiley Sons, Inc.
Figure 23.4 Super-speed separation of a five-component mixture [reproduced with permission from E. Katz and R.P.W. Scott, J. Chromatogr., 253,159 (1982)]. Conditions sample, 0.2pl column, 2.5cm x 2.6mm i.d. stationary phase, Hypersil, 3.4 a.m mobile phase, 13 ml min pentane containing 2.2% methyl acetate (u=3.3cms 360bar UV detector, 254nm cell volume, 1.4nl time... Figure 23.4 Super-speed separation of a five-component mixture [reproduced with permission from E. Katz and R.P.W. Scott, J. Chromatogr., 253,159 (1982)]. Conditions sample, 0.2pl column, 2.5cm x 2.6mm i.d. stationary phase, Hypersil, 3.4 a.m mobile phase, 13 ml min pentane containing 2.2% methyl acetate (u=3.3cms 360bar UV detector, 254nm cell volume, 1.4nl time...
Fig. 13.1. Solid-state C CPMAS spectra of 1 1 molar ratio mixtures of two nitro- and methoxy-terminated diimides. Spectrum (a) was obtained from a physical mixture, while spectrum (b) is of a mixture recrystallized from DMF. The arrows on spectrum (b) indicate the new peaks observed in the intimate mixture. (Reproduced from Ref. [57] with permission. 1992 John Wiley, New York.)... Fig. 13.1. Solid-state C CPMAS spectra of 1 1 molar ratio mixtures of two nitro- and methoxy-terminated diimides. Spectrum (a) was obtained from a physical mixture, while spectrum (b) is of a mixture recrystallized from DMF. The arrows on spectrum (b) indicate the new peaks observed in the intimate mixture. (Reproduced from Ref. [57] with permission. 1992 John Wiley, New York.)...
Figure A2.5.22. The experimental heat capacity of a P-brass (CuZn) alloy containing 48.9 atomic percent Zn as measured by Moser (1934). The dashed line is calculated from the specific heats of Cu and Zn assuming an ideal mixture. Reproduced from [6] Nix F C and Shockley W 1938 Rev. Mod. Phys. 10 4, figure 4. Copyright (1938) by the American Physical Society. [Pg.638]

Figure 14 TEM ((a) and (b)) and HREM (c) micrographs of self-organized Co nanorods stabilized by a stearic acid/ hexadecylamine mixture. Reproduced with permission from Wiley. Figure 14 TEM ((a) and (b)) and HREM (c) micrographs of self-organized Co nanorods stabilized by a stearic acid/ hexadecylamine mixture. Reproduced with permission from Wiley.
Table 8 The distribution of C3-C4 hydrocarbons formed during the pretreatment of Pt/Si02 and Sn-Pt/Si02 catalysts with crotonaldehyde-hydrogen mixture (Reproduced from ref. 109 with permission)... Table 8 The distribution of C3-C4 hydrocarbons formed during the pretreatment of Pt/Si02 and Sn-Pt/Si02 catalysts with crotonaldehyde-hydrogen mixture (Reproduced from ref. 109 with permission)...
Fig. 3.12 SEM image of the milled oxide mixture. Reproduced with permission fixrm [90]. Copyright 2001, Elsevier... Fig. 3.12 SEM image of the milled oxide mixture. Reproduced with permission fixrm [90]. Copyright 2001, Elsevier...
Figure 3.4 Schematic of a specially designed quartz reaction cell for combined EXAFS/UV-vis measurements. The capillary is cut in two directions, providing different path lengths that allow simultaneous measurement of the same reaction mixture. (Reproduced from Ref [20].)... Figure 3.4 Schematic of a specially designed quartz reaction cell for combined EXAFS/UV-vis measurements. The capillary is cut in two directions, providing different path lengths that allow simultaneous measurement of the same reaction mixture. (Reproduced from Ref [20].)...
Figure 12.5 Variation of the viscosity and the OH number of the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction and of the percentage of the CH2Cl2-insoluble fraction as a function of the initial percentage of SB in the oxypropylation reaction mixture (Reproduced by permission of Elsevier. Copyright 2000. Reprinted from Reference [8]). Figure 12.5 Variation of the viscosity and the OH number of the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction and of the percentage of the CH2Cl2-insoluble fraction as a function of the initial percentage of SB in the oxypropylation reaction mixture (Reproduced by permission of Elsevier. Copyright 2000. Reprinted from Reference [8]).
Figure 7 On-flow LC-NMR spectrum of a sample of grape juice. (A) Detail of the aromatic region in the normal H-NMR spectrum (B) on-flow LC-NMR spectrum (C) rows at different retention times (RTs) correspond to NMR spectra of individual compounds in the mixture. (Reproduced with permission from Broker BioSpin, Rheinstetten, Germany.)... Figure 7 On-flow LC-NMR spectrum of a sample of grape juice. (A) Detail of the aromatic region in the normal H-NMR spectrum (B) on-flow LC-NMR spectrum (C) rows at different retention times (RTs) correspond to NMR spectra of individual compounds in the mixture. (Reproduced with permission from Broker BioSpin, Rheinstetten, Germany.)...
Figure 15 TG (A) and Hi-Res TG (dynamic rate) (B) curves for a sodium/potassiumcarbonate mixture. (Reproduced with permission from Haines PJ (ed.) Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2002). Cambridge Royai Society of Chemistry.)... Figure 15 TG (A) and Hi-Res TG (dynamic rate) (B) curves for a sodium/potassiumcarbonate mixture. (Reproduced with permission from Haines PJ (ed.) Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2002). Cambridge Royai Society of Chemistry.)...
FIGURE 7A.10 Variation of power number with impeller speed for two-phase (gas-liquid) and three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) stirred reactors. Two phase (solid-liquid) system. A, fillet formation B, disappearance of fillets C, off-bottom suspension of solids D, recirculation of mixture. Three phase (gas-liquid-sohd). A, no dispersion of gas solid settled on bottom B, gas dispersed beginning of solid suspension C, gas dispersed off-bottom suspension of solids D, recirculation of mixture. (Reproduced from Rewatkar et al. 1991 with permission from American Chemical Society. 1991, American Chemical Society.)... [Pg.154]

FIGURE 10 Variation of percent contribution of the KrF relaxation channels with the excitation rate for the 1.5-atm mixture. [Reproduced with permission from F. Kannari etal. (1983). IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(2). Copyright 1983 IEEE.]... [Pg.115]

Figure 29.3 The change in LIF intensity (averaged) from NO, as a function of crank angle, for both rich (A = 0.85) and stoichiometric (A = 1.00) fuel mixtures. Reproduced from Knapp etal, Appt. Opt., 1996, 35 4009, with permission of The OpticalSociety of America... Figure 29.3 The change in LIF intensity (averaged) from NO, as a function of crank angle, for both rich (A = 0.85) and stoichiometric (A = 1.00) fuel mixtures. Reproduced from Knapp etal, Appt. Opt., 1996, 35 4009, with permission of The OpticalSociety of America...
Figure 5.14 Separation of guanidines by thin-layer chromatography. Solvent 1% concentrated, ammonium hydroxide in acetone development distance 10 cm indicator 4% aqueous sodium hypochlorite. 1 = diphenylguanidine 2 = di-o-tolylguanidine 3 = triphenylguanidine 4 = mixture Reproduced from Kreiner and Warner, Journal of Chromatography [119]... Figure 5.14 Separation of guanidines by thin-layer chromatography. Solvent 1% concentrated, ammonium hydroxide in acetone development distance 10 cm indicator 4% aqueous sodium hypochlorite. 1 = diphenylguanidine 2 = di-o-tolylguanidine 3 = triphenylguanidine 4 = mixture Reproduced from Kreiner and Warner, Journal of Chromatography [119]...
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