Mixed-reactants direct methanol fuel cells

Wilkinson and coworkers [40, 41] introduced the concept of a mixed-reactant direct liquid fuel cell where the air cathode was substituted with a metal-ion redox couple. This type of cell, which in the case of methanol is called mixed-reactant direct methanol redox fuel cell (MR-DMRFC) has the advantage of cathode selectivity, avoiding Pt group metals as cathodic catalysts, minimize flooding in the cathode and allows the use of larger fuel concentrations. 

Shukla, A.K., Jackson, C.L., Scott, K., Murgia, G. 2002. A solid-polymer electrolyte direct methanol fuel cell with a mixed reactant and air anode. J Power Sources 111 43-51. 

Barton, S.C., Patterson, T., Wang, E., Fuller, T.F., and West, A.C. (2001) Mixed-reactant, strip-cell direct methanol fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 96 (2), 329-336. 

Scott K, Shukla AK, Jackson CL, Meuleman WRA (2004) A mixed-reactants solid-polymer-electrolyte direct methanol fuel cell. J Power Sources 126(l-2) 67-75... 

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