Minimum energy required for

Faraday s law states that 96,487 coulombs (1 C = 1 A-s) are required to produce one gram equivalent weight of the electrochemical reaction product. This relationship determines the minimum energy requirement for chlorine and caustic production in terms of kiloampere hours per ton of CI2 or NaOH... 

Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting of plastic tubing... 

We have already mentioned the threshold behavior of photodetachment. Morrison (1957) postulated the rule that at or near threshold, the cross section for a process should vary as cr°c( - ) , where is the energy transferred, 0 is the minimum energy required for the process, and n equals the number of outgoing electrons minus 1. Thus, as shown schematically in Figure 4.4, the threshold cross section should vary linearly with energy for... 

The energy barrier E t is the minimum energy requirement for reaction. If only this amount of energy is available, only one orientation out of all the possible collision orientations is successful. The probability of success rises rapidly if extra energy is... 

Minimum Energy Requirements. Except for bolting materials, the applicable minimum energy requirements for carbon and low alloy steels with specified minimum tensile strengths less than 656 MPa (95 ksi) shall be those shown in Table GR-2.1.3(e). 

A—flic free energy is the minimum energy required for a non-spontaneous reaction and the maximum energy available for a spontaneous reaction. 

The use of these expressions is effectual only in cases where there is no extensive deviation in the system behavior due to charge transfer overpotential or other kinetic effects.(l) The calculated threshold or thermodynamic energy requirement (2 ) (AG in the previous equation) is often much lower than actually encountered, but is still useful in estimating an approximate or theoretical minimum energy required for electrolysis. Part of the difficulty in applying thermodynamics to many systems of industrial interest may reside in an inability to properly define the activities or nature of the various species involved in the... 

The minimum energy requirement for treating separated pig slurry to control odour was 110 Wh pig place-1 day-1, assuming an aerator efficiency of 1kg 02/kWh input. 

Since Eo, the minimum energy required for E in order to react, is usually quite large compared to the vibrational spacing in the reactant, the spacing between the active levels in A is small and it makes sense to employ the density of states function p(Ev ) for A (i.e. instead of attempting to sum discrete individual states). For... 

Q2 is the partition function for molecules with energy larger than Eo, the minimum energy required for reaction. 

The ionization energy (IE) defines the minimum energy required for ionization of the neutral concerned. Most molecules have lEs in the 7-15 eV range (Chap. 2.2, Tab. 2.1). If an impacting electron carrying just an amount of energy equal to IE would quantitatively transfer it when colliding with the neutral, ionization would... 

Table 1. Minimum energy requirements for each arrangement, Btu/h...

Minimum Spark Ignition Energy of Fuels. Determination of the minimum energy required for ignition of fuel by a spark is another way of measuring the intrinsic resistance of a fuel to ignition. Metzler has measured the minimum spark ignition of various fuels. Table XI shows that at atmospheric pressure in a bomb, paraffins, branched... 

Murphy, G. W., et al., Minimum Energy Requirements for Sea Water Conversion... 

It is also interesting to report the theoretical minimum energy requirement for the present process... 

The minimum energy required for reactant molecules to enter into chemical reaction is known as ... 

By Equation 3.27a, the minimum energy required for actively transporting or pumping Na+ out across the plasma membrane of the Nitella cell is... 

Minimum Energy Requirement for Steam Reforming Process... 

The 17th level has the minimum energy required for this reaction and the fact that levels higher than the 20th have not been observed may be explained by the increasing rapidity of this reaction. 

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