Miniature Electrodes and in vivo Measurements

A significant characteristic of the ISE is the feasibility of fabricating miniature sensors for measurements in samples of very small volume or in vivo Microelectrodes 

Microelectrodes can be made sufficiently small to measure intracellular ion activities, as shown schematically in Fig. 5 The micro ion-selective electrode is inserted into a single cell by means of a micromanipulator. The intracellular activity of the 

Cell type Electrode type Analyte ion activity Ref 

Frog heart ventricle Cr liquid membrane micropipet (Corning exchanger 477915) Cl 17.6 + 0.57 mM 136) 

Rabbit heart muscle Ca liquid membrane mi- (resting muscle) 138) 

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