Miniature and Implantable Glucose BFCs

Summary of Single-Enzyme Glucose Biological Fuel Cells Developed 

Enzymes Electrode Electron Transfer OCV (V) Current Density (pA cm ) Reference 

The first glucose BFC implanted in a live animal was reported by Cinquin et al. in 2010 [65]. They designed a glucose bioelectrode based on composite graphite disks containing GOx and ubiquinone at the anode and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and quinone at the cathode. Their BFC was implanted in a rat and produced apeak specific power of 24.4 pW cm , reportedly greater than the power required to operate a pacemaker. 

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