Mini-contrasting

A third mechanosensitive channel of mini conductance (MscM) has been functionally identified in E. coli (Berrier et al., 1989, 1996), although the encoding gene has not yet been reported. This channel has a conductance of less than half that of MscS (0.1—0.4 nS), with slow opening/closing kinetics relative to MscS, and especially MscL (Berrier et al., 1993). In contrast to MscL and MscS, MscM has pronounced cation selectivity. 

Shah and coworkers also studied methanol adsorption in sodalite and, in contrast to the case of chabazite, the HB complex with two hydrogen bonds between the methanol and the zeolite lattice was found to represent the mini-... 

In contrast to the electrostatic stabilization provided by SDS [40,41 ], the nonionic surfactant NP-40 imparts a steric repulsion force between two interactive hairy particles [42, 43]. Stable St mini-emulsions with NP-40 in combination with various coemulsifiers (CA, HD, DMA or SMA) were prepared and characterized [ 13]. The rate of Ostwald ripening for these mini-emulsions decreases in the series CA>DMA>HDsSMA. 

The reagent DMA or SMA forms a close-packed structure with NP40 on the monomer droplet surface layer [ 14]. In contrast to the SDS stabilized mini-emulsion polymerization, Rp for the runs with NP40 increases in the following series ... 

In contrast to the above triazine pesticides, sorption of highly water-soluble herbicides, namely benazolin, bentazone, imazapyr, and triclopyr, onto hydrophobic MN-200 is small [70]. When passing the feed solution of 20)J.g/L of each component through a 0.70 mL mini-column with MN-200, the breakthrough of the herbicides occurs almost instantly, which is reflected in the low equilibrium adsorption capacity of only 0.48, 0.42, 0.26, and 1.28 mg/g for benazolin, bentazone, imazapyr, and triclopyr, respectively. 

In the case of monomers with low water solubility, another problem arises. In emulsion polymerizations, transport of monomer from monomer droplets to the growing polymer particles is needed, which demands a minimum water solubility of the monomer. For example dodecylmethacrylate (water solubility of 0.065 mmol/L) cannot be polymerized by conventional emulsion polymerization. Another reason for hydrophobic monomers to polymerize slowly in emulsion polymerization could be that entry of radicals is slow because the oligomers do not grow to their critical chain length [32]. Another solution to this problem is to directly polymerize within the monomer droplets, which have to be very small in order to keep the benefits of producing polymer in the form of latex. In contrast to emulsion polymerization, where the droplets are of the same size as those in suspension polymerization (10-100pm), in mini- and microemulsion polymerization the droplets are very much smaller and enable the polymerization to take place directly within the monomer droplets. 

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