Miller and Parris

Miller and Parris (1964) pointed out that the preparation of ethyl metaphosphate from P2O5, diethyl ether and chloroform could hardly be considered "prebiotic this criticism is certainly irrefutable ... 

S. L. Miller and M. Parris (1964). Synthesis of pyrophosphate under primitive earth conditions. 

The synthesis of pyrophosphate under primitive earth conditions has been shown by S. L. Miller and M. Parris. > It occurs by reaction of orthophosphate with cyanate on the surface of hydroxylapatite, presumably forming carbamyl phosphate which reacts with another phosphate molecule to generate pyrophosphate. The formation of the pyrophosphate bond has also been accomplished by extension of the above reaction methods. Thus, NH4H2PO4 in the presence of urea at low humidity and below 100°C forms inorganic polyphosphate or pyrophosphate. Once inorganic pyrophosphate is available, trans-phosphorylations can take place. In this way AMP has been further phosphorylated to ADP and ATP. 

---