Mikania

The family Asteraceae is a prolific source of sesquiterpene lactones, among which, melampolides have been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of elastases. Melampolides are a common member of the Melampodi-inae subtribe. Examples of medicinal Asteraceae known to elaborate melampolides are Sigesbeckia orientalis L. and Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L. Robinson. 

Mikania cordata is known to elaborate a series of sesquiterpene lactones, among which deoxymikanolide significantly inhibits acetic acid-induced writhing in mice (44,45). The plant also contains a series of melampolides that inhibit the enzymatic activity of elastase (46). 

Ahmed M, Rahman MT. Alimuzzaman M, Shilpi JA. Analgesic sesquiterpene dilactone from Mikania cordata. Fitoterapia 2001 72 919-921. 

Herz W, Subramaniam PS, Santhanam PS, Aota K, Hall AL. Structure elucidation of sesquiterpene dilactones from Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. J Org Chem 1970 35 1453-1464. 

Gutierrez AB, Oberti JC, Sosa VE, Herz W. Melampolides from Mikania cordifolia. Phytochemistry 1987 26 2315-2320. 

Naturally Occurring Substances.—Beyeria (Euphorbiaceae) species have been the source of a number of tetracyclic diterpenoids. Some of these were new or poorly defined species and their classification has now been clarified. " The presence of enf-kaurenal has again been recorded in Fusarium monoliforme, whilst ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (72) has been isolated from Mikania hirsutissima (Composi-tae). Microbiological hydro xylation of ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid by... 

Ohkoshi, E., Makino, M., and Eujimoto, Y., Studies on the constituents of Mikania hirsutissima (Compositae), Chem. Pharm. Bull, 47, 1436, 1999. 

Plate 7.1. Natural history of Utetheisa omatrix (left panel). Adult male (top) larva feeding on seedpod of Crotalaria mucronata (middle) adult male courting a female (bottom). The yellow genitalic coremata are partially inflated and thrust toward the female. Natural history of Cosmosoma myrodora (right panel). Adult male resting on leaf of the larval host plant Mikania scandens (top) larva (middle) male courting female (bottom). The flocculent has been released and forms a cloud around the pair. 

Sq68 2a-Acetoxy-14-hydroxy-15-iso-valeroyloxy-9-oxo-costunoljde Mikania guaco NFkB, TNFa [32,168]... 

Mikania amara (Vahl) Willd. " - Cipo-catinga) As a tranquilizer Leaf (bathing) Caboclos [52] No phytochemical data ... 

Greenwood SR, Mills NJ. The biological control of Mikania micrantha for southwest Pacific countries. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Reports 28, 1989. 

A la-acetoxy-derivative of ozic acid (5) and the 12,13-epoxide (6) were amongst the diterpenoids obtained" from Mikania (Compositae) species. The angelate and tiglate esters of 19-hydroxylabd-7,13-dien-15-oic acid were isolated" from Brickellia argyrolepsis (Compositae). The corresponding diol, villenol, the 7a-alcohol, villenatriol, the 7-ketone, villenolone, and the 7-keto-... 

---