Microstructure and Materials

The Structure of Materials by S. M. Allen and E. L. Thomas, John Wiley and Sons, New York New York, 1999. This text is part of an excellent MIT series on materials seience. This particular volume considers structure in materials from the hierarchical perspective considered here as well. Chap. 6 on microstructure provides a number of interesting discussions and figures to illuminate the nature of microstructure in wide classes of materials. 

The Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys by J. W. Christian, Pergamon Press, Oxford England, 1965. This classic text provides a definitive account of many of the key ideas that attend the study of microstructure. Uirfortunately, the book has not been reissued in an updated form, but still makes for excellent reading. 

Theory of Structural Transformations in Solids by A. G. Khachaturyan, John Wiley Sons, New York New York, 1983. I haven t spent as much time with Khachaturyan s book as I would have liked, but I can say that it is full of insights into a variety of topics covered in the present chapter. 

Microstructure and Properties of Materials edited by J. C. M. Li, World Scientific, Singapore Singapore, 1996. This work has a number of interesting articles on the implications of microstructure for material behavior. 

Stability of Micro structure in Metallic Systems by J. W. Martin, R. D. Doherty and 

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The problems encountered in preparing porous ceramics are shown in further examples below. Fig. 59(a) shows a zirconium oxide sample which was processed in accordance with preparation procedure I from Table 15. In addition to the pores, the microstructure displays artifacts in the form of cracks at the grain boundaries and pullouts of entire grains. The development of artifacts is influenced by preparation techniques, microstructure, and material properties. In preparation procedure I, the... 

This book has been written as a second-level course for engineering students. It provides a concise introduction to the microstructures and processing of materials (metals, ceramics, polymers and composites) and shows how these are related to the properties required in engineering design. It is designed to follow on from our first-level text on the properties and applications of engineering materials," but it is completely self-contained and can be used by itself. 

Rough values are given. Microstructure and composition of the material as well as temperature, composition, and flow rate of the medium can substantially influence... 

It is beyond the scope of this chapter to review structure and bonding in each class of engineering carbons listed in Table 5. Instead, a generic description of microstructure and bonding in these materials will be attempted. The evolution in understanding of the structure of engineering carbons and graphites has followed the initial application of X-ray diffraction and subsequent application... 

An intriguing recent review of size effects in materials due to microstructural and dimensional constraints with a focus on mechanical properties, including those of multilayers, is by Arzt (1998). 

Baskes (1999) has discussed the status role of this kind of modelling and simulation, citing many very recent studies. He concludes that modelling and simulation of materials at the atomistic, microstructural and continuum levels continue to show progress, but prediction of mechanical properties of engineering materials is still a vision of the future . Simulation cannot (yet) do everything, in spite of the optimistic claims of some of its proponents. 

The difficulty of obtaining pure / "-material for the electrolyte has been tackled in many production processes worked out in the past. Unless precautions are taken, sintering of a -alumina-derived / "-alumina compositions invariably results in the duplex microstructure and a low-strength ceramic. Therefore a balance has to be struck between conductivity and strength. The problem arises because the conversion from —alumina to / " -alumina is slow... 

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