Microstructural characterisation other techniques

Raman spectroscopy is recently gaining increased acceptance in the industrial laboratory, both as a microscopic technique [540] and in bulk analysis systems, and has begun to be used in the real world of on- or at-line process analysis and monitoring. An important advantage offered by Raman spectroscopy is flexibility in sampling for solid samples. With conventional Raman specfloscopy it was not possible to reduce and localise the analysis volume to dimensions commensurate with phase size in microstructures or with the size of the analysed object itself (e.g. fibres). On the other hand, Raman microscopy is powerful in polymer characterisation and competitive with TEM and ToF-SIMS, in particular at the microvolume level (a few... 

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