Interference optical microscopy

Although when examined using optical or even electron microscopy, crystal surfaces appear smooth, this is rarely the case. Techniques such as AFM and STM and optical interference methods (see Chap. 7) show that both growth and cleavage surfaces consist of terraces separated by steps which can be as little as one atomic layer... 

Karge HG, Karger J (2008) Application of IR Spectroscopy, IR Microscopy and Optical Interference Microscopy on Diffusion in Zeolites, in this volimie... 

Karger et al. [18,19] and later on developed by Schemmert [20] and Karger et al. [21] to a very sophisticated method, when employing optical interference microscopy (IFM). The design of the experiments using interference microscopy for diffusion studies (DIFM), the data acquisition through this type of experiment, and the evaluation of selected data obtained by DIFM are described in Sect. 3. 

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