Micromixer static

Schwesinger, W., Erank, T, A static micromixer built up in silicon, in Proceedings of Micromachining and Microfabrication, pp. 150-155, SPIE,... 

Freitas S, Walz A, Merkle HP, Gander B (2003) Solvent extraction employing a static micromixer a simple, robust and versatile technology for the microencapsulation of proteins. J Microencapsulation 20 67-85 FZK Press release 13 (2005) http //www.fzk.de/fzk/idcplg IdcService=FZK node=2374 document=ID 050927. Cited 6 July 2005 Gavriilidis A, Angeli P, Cao E, Yeong KK, Wan YSS (2002) Trans IChemE 80/A 3... 

Engler, M. and Kockmann, N. and Kiefer, T. and Woias, P. (2004). Numerical and experimental investigation on liquid mixing in static micromixer. Chemical Engineering Journal, 101, 315-322. 

Figure 4 Micromixers, (a) Interdigital structure of a multilamination micromixer. (b) Principle of split-and-recombine static micromixers. (Source IMM.)...

Figure 11 Part of a static micromixer manufactured by laser ablation from aluminum oxide. (Source Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik, Heidelberg Instruments Microtechnologies.)...

Bertsch, A., Heimgartner, S., Cousseau, P., Renaud, P., Static micromixers based on large-scale industrial mixer geometry, Lab Chip 2001, 1, 56-60. 

Zech, T., Honicke, D., Fichtner, M., Schubert, K., Superior performance of static micromixers, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Microreaction Technology, IMRET 4 (5-9 March 2000), AIChE Topical Conf. Proc.,... 

Wong, S. H., Bryant, P., Ward, M., Wharton, C., Investigation of mixing in a cross-shaped micromixer with static mixing elements for reaction kinetics studies, Sens. Actuators B 2003, 95,414—424. 

J. M., Schwesinger, N., Detection of catalytic reactions in a miniaturized FIA set-up using a static micromixer and... 

The activity of [i-galactosidasc (P-Gal) was studied on a quartz chip using a static micromixer to mix the enzyme and substrate on the ms time scale. Inhibition by phenylethyl-P-D-thio-galactoside was also studied [1048]. In another report, the enzyme P-Gal was assayed on a chip in which P-Gal would convert a substrate, resoruhn-P-D-galactopyranoside (RBG), to resoruhn to be detected fluorescently [1049]. By varying the substrate concentrations and monitoring the amount of resoruhn by LIF, Michaelis-Menten constants could be determined. In addition, the inhibition constants of phenylethyl-P-D-thiogalactoside, lactose, and p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid to the enzyme P-Gal were determined [1049]. 

Figure 5.11 Radical polymerization of acrylates using a static mixer-reactor without (left) and with (right) a micromixer as premixer. Top molecular weight distribution down appearance ofthe static mixer to illustrate the degree offou ling (by courtesy of Springer) [42],...

Several points about this model should be noted. First, it takes into account both macromixing as well as micromixing (in the rippled films at the junctions) iir the trickle-bed reactor to correlate the RTD and, second, it assumes that the mixing at the static junctions is achieved by hydrodynamic effects, rather than by diffusion effects, as is often postulated.13-29 The model is not tested against the data from porous packing, where a significant portion of the static liquid holdup is due to the liquid in the pores of the packings. 

Passive Mixing. Passive or static mixing technologies are typically simple in that they involve no moving parts. Probably, the most common types of micromixing devices are lamination micromixers, of which... 

Flow system composed of static micromixers and millimeter-sized tube... 

S.H. Chang, Y.H. Cho, Static micromixers nsing alternating whirls and lamination, J. Micromech. Microeng., 15 1397-1405 (2005). 

Fig. 5 Sequential lamination micromixer (II) (a) Static micromixer, with intersecting channel (top) and helical elements (bottom) (Reproduced from [91] by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry), (b) Internal structure of crossing manifold micromixer (CMM) (Reproduced from [92] by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry)...

Sprogies T, Kohler J, Gross G (2008) Evaluation of static micromixers for flow-through extraction by emulsification. Chem Eng J 135 S199-S202... 

Ereitas S., Rudolf B., Merkle H.R, and Gander B. Flow through ultrasonic emulsification combined with static micromixing for aseptic production of microspheres by solvent extraction. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 61(3) (2005) 181-187. 

The effects of mixing in radical polymerization of MMA are interesting [168]. The use of a 5 mm static mixer leads to fouling in the reactor. In contrast, the use of an interdigital multilamination micromixer with 36 lamellae of 25 pm thickness results in a reduction in fouling. This numbering-up approach enables production of 2,000 tons per year without the fouling problem [169]. 

These are the devices in which fine dispersion occur because of high flow rates or static internals. Three types of mixers are available mixer-settler [4, 5], cyclone [6], and interdigital mixer [3] (see Figure 7.2). The principle of fluid contacting in micromixer-settler is almost similar to the conventional mixer-settler assembly. However, because of the reduced size of the equipment, the moving part of the mixer is replaced by the static. Two-fluid streams are introduced from the top of mixer and biphasic mixture is taken out from the top central line, which is further introduced to the mini-settler where the phases disengage based on their density... 

An example for microchannels with structured internals are caterpillar micromixer, where the surfaces consist of ramp-Hke structures, moving the fluid constantly up and down and the fluid contact is achieved by a sequence of repeated sphtting-reshaping-recombination processes [5]. Sometimes simple foam stacks are used as static mixer for dispersing two immiscible phases. 

To create fine dispersion in microcapillaries, a micromixer (e.g., caterpillar mixer) needs to be attached upstream. At elevated flow velocity the static internals create dispersion, and as a result, part of the continuous phase flows in the form of small droplets in the dispersed phase. 

---