Microbiology of draught beer

Although it is beyond the scope of this chapter to hone in fmther on the fascinating details of bioflhns, there are scores of available review articles. A good place to start is a (relatively thin) book. The Biofllm Primer (Costerton, 2007), by the grandfather of biofllm microbiology, William Bill Costerton. Closer to home and from a brewing perspective, there are much (shorter) reviews by Quain and Storgards (2009), Livens 

Whilst the formation of biofilms is the obvious consequence of poor hygiene, there is little in the public domain about them in the context of dispensed beer. Arguably the only studies that quantify attached microorganisms in dispense lines are Thomas and Whitham (1996) in a study on-line composition, Fielding, Hall, and Peters (2007) on the use of ozone as a line cleaner, and Walker et al. (2007), who evaluated the use of enzymes as line cleaning pretreatment. 

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