Micelles microheterogeneity

J. F. Rusling, in Electrochemistry in Micelles, Microemulsions and Related Microheterogeneous Fluids, Electroanalytical Chemistry, A Series of Advances, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994. 

The microheterogenous and nanoheterogenous (mesoscopic) liquid-liquid systems may be concisely called the small systems. They comprise the micro- and nanodomains, described in colloidal chemistry as a variety of structures, e.g., micelles, rods, disks, vesicles, microemulsions, monolayers, and Langmuir Blodgett layers [6,17 19,70]. 

Hydrocarbon oxidation produces polar oxygen-containing compounds. These compounds tend to associate in nonpolar hydrocarbon and form some aggregates. The formation of such a microheterogeneous polar system can influence the rate and mechanism of oxidation [20]. The study of hydrocarbon oxidation in the systems with reversed micelles has its special... 

Reverse micelles are microheterogenous media where solubilized enzyme molecules are subject to the partitioning between different phases. The enzyme distribution between the phases is given by [183]... 

Figure 9.4 Two good reasons for fascination in the field of surfactants (a) spontaneous order out of a chaotic mixture of monomers and (b) the emergence of compartments (microheterogeneous reactions...). (Vesicle and micelle are not to scale.)...

Microheterogeneous environments that control photosensitized ET processes by means of electrostatic interactions include micelles [49-52], polyelectrolytes [53, 54], colloids [55-57], and clays [58, 59], Hydrophilic-hydrophobic organized microenvironments include micelles [49, 50], water-in-oil and oil-in-water micro-... 

Other closely related microheterogeneous environments such as micelles [70] or tailored electron relays capable of micellization upon reduction [71], operate by related hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions in controlling photosensitized ET processes. Similarly, separation of photoproducts at the molecular level, by means of hydrophobic interactions, has been accomplished by utilizing cyclodextrin receptors [66, 72]. This host component selectively associates one of the photoproducts into the hydrophobic receptor cavity and consequently back ET is retarded. 

The present chapter is concerned only with catalysis at the solid/liquid interface and will not deal with microheterogeneous catalysis by enzymes, micelles and polyelectrolytes even though the resulting kinetics are closely similar [4], Moreover, little reference will be made to catalytic processes involving gases as these have been the subject of Vols. 19-21 of this series, nor to catalytic polymerisations which have been treated in Vols. 14, 14A, and 15. 

Application of low, moderate, and strong magnetic fields (MFs) affects the escape of free radicals from a (viscous) solvent cage or from a microheterogeneous compartment such as a micelle. The theory of magnetic field effects (MFEs) is well described in a number of review articles. ... 

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